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Influence factors of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation Zhao Yang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 289-294.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.016 Abstract （2388）      PDF （1348KB）（1774）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation is a common surgical method to solve the problem of insufficient bone mass in the posterior maxillary region. Based on the special background of maxillary sinus bone augmentation, we explore the principles of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation results from the mechanism of osteogenesis, which can be considered from four aspects: bone contact area, angiogenesis, stability of space, and safe healing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 95-100.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.001 Abstract （652）      PDF （1401KB）（1035）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, the clinical application of titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration (TMs-GBR), especially using 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM), is increasing, serving as a reliable solution for bone augmentation in various cases of bone defects, particularly complex ones encountered during implant surgery. Given the technical sensitivity of TMs-GBR and the higher risk of complications such as titanium mesh exposure, as well as the current lack of relevant guidelines or international consensus, the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology organized discussions among relevant experts and drafted this consensus, aiming to provide clinical reference for practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cyst or cyst-like lesions Chinese Society of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 195-201.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.001 Abstract （450）      PDF （1090KB）（747）       Knowledge map    Save Sinus floor elevation is a predictable rehabilitation method commonly used to address bone deficiency in the maxillary posterior area. However, the presence of maxillary sinus cysts often presents a challenge for sinus floor elevation. At present, there is still a lack of guidelines or consensus on sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cyst. The purpose of this consensus is to provide clinicians with practical and feasible measures for sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cysts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on maxillary sinus floor elevation: maxillary sinus septum Chinese Society of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 103-108.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.003 Abstract （379）      PDF （1040KB）（825）       Knowledge map    Save The maxillary sinus septum is a common bony structure in the maxillary sinus. It is very important to understand the presence of the maxillary sinus septum when designing the sinus floor elevation. Therefore, this paper summarizes the classification of maxillary sinus septum, its anatomical and biological characteristics, its influence on maxillary sinus osteogenesis, and its treatment methods and principles, in order to provide a reference for the clinical implementation of sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus septum, and to reduce the complications caused by the presence of maxillary sinus septum. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of vertical bone deficiency in the posterior mandibular region Qiu Lixin, Niu Lixuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 400-406.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.002 Abstract （364）      PDF （1444KB）（660）       Knowledge map    Save Vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region is technically demanding and prone to frequent complications. There is no consensus, either domestically or internationally, on the optimal technique. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term outcomes of vertical bone augmentation followed by implant-supported restorations. This article provides a systematic review of complications and long-term outcomes of various vertical bone augmentation techniques, drawing on the authors' clinical expertise to provide information on decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on digital methods for recording and transferring maxillomandibular relationship Man Yi, Lan Dongping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 212-217.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.004 Abstract （349）      PDF （768KB）（562）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the advancing development of digital dental technology has heralded a new era in full-arch implant restoration. A crucial element for successful complete denture is the accurate recording and transfer of the maxillomandibular relationship. Compared to traditional methods, digital technology has the potential to shorten the treatment cycle and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. This article elaborates on the application and advances of digital technology in recording and transferring the maxillomandibular relationship in edentulous patients. The opportunities and challenges presented by the digitization of dental technology to clinicians will be discussed, with the aim of providing them with a valuable reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risks and countermeasures of dental implant treatment in osteoporosis patients Liu Zhonghao, Dong Kai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 303-310.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.003 Abstract （348）      PDF （1557KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease with the main characteristic of reduction of bone density and low bone mass. With the increasing age of the population, the incidence of OP increases year by year. Replacement of missing teeth with dental implants is one of the most common treatment options with a high success rate. However, in patients with OP, deterioration of bone tissue may lead to an increased risk of implant failure. Although OP is not a contraindication for implant therapy, clinicians should still pay great attention to associated risk factors. This article discusses the alveolar bone modeling and remodeling, the success rates of dental implants, the influence of anti-osteoporosis drugs, and the strategy of dental implant treatment in OP patients for clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Improved" maxillary sinus lift surgery Sun Xiaolin, Luo Jiaxin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 118-126.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.005 Abstract （320）      PDF （1637KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save When posterior maxillary teeth are missing, the residual bone height required for implantation is insufficient due to the lack of functional stimulation from the teeth and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. When residual bone volume cannot ensure the initial stability of the implant, a maxillary sinus floor elevation is needed to increase bone volume in the posterior maxillary region. The "PESS" procedure is a "modified" maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery that uses platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a single bone graft material, with the aid of an endoscope to elevate the maxillary sinus floor through the alveolar ridge and place implants simultaneously. The PESS procedure has optimized maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery to some extent and reduced surgical trauma. This article elaborates on the principles, indications, clinical procedures, and precautions of the "PESS" procedure to provide technical support for its clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status of transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants Xia Haibin, Xu Junyi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 109-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.004 Abstract （317）      PDF （1604KB）（486）       Knowledge map    Save When the residual bone height is insufficient in the maxillary posterior region, the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement is less invasive, resulting in milder postoperative reactions and shorter treatment periods compared to the lateral window technique. However, due to the limited surgical vision and elevation technique, the transalveolar technique is susceptible to mucoperiosteal perforation or compromised osteogenesis and is therefore traditionally considered suitable only for cases where the residual bone height is mildly inadequate. With modifications to surgical instruments, improvements in clinical skills, and the assistance of digital technology, researchers have gained new insights into the indications and surgical protocols for transalveolar sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants. This paper presents an overview of the current basic and clinical research status of the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation by reviewing recent literature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants Chen Jiang, Qiu Yubei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 252-257.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.010 Abstract （313）      PDF （1333KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save Insufficient alveolar bone mass at the implant site is an important factor affecting the outcome of dental implants. Bone augmentation is an effective strategy to solve this problem. The application of digital technology provides a new approach for bone augmentation in oral implantology. This article presents the application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on peri-implant soft tissue augmentation materials Chen Jiaxin, Gu Xinhua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 284-288.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.015 Abstract （309）      PDF （1341KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing maturity of dental implant technology, the aesthetic effects of dental implants and long-term health of surrounding tissues in implant restorations are of growing concern. Due to the decrease in the amount of soft and hard tissue around the missing tooth area, dental defects often fail to meet the requirements for implant restoration. Therefore, the augmentation of soft and hard tissue around the implant is a key step in dental implantation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce common peri-implant soft tissue augmentation materials and provide references to solving the problem of peri-implant soft tissue insufficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of osteoporosis on dental implantation and related clinical considerations Qiu Yun, Wang Yulan, Zhang Yufeng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 336-341.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.007 Abstract （303）      PDF （1397KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of dental technology, dental implants are gradually becoming the primary choice for restoring missing teeth. The quality and quantity of the alveolar bone are key to the success of implant surgery and the long-term retention of the implants. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and a reduction in bone density, affecting bones throughout the body, including the alveolar bone. Therefore, its characteristic oral manifestations can be indicative of an early diagnosis of osteoporosis. At the same time, the changes in bone density and bone structure in osteoporosis patients necessitate awareness of the treatment risks during implantation and modification of the treatment plan to improve the success rate of implant treatment. This article reviews the oral manifestations of osteoporosis, the risks of implant treatment, and the consideration for implant treatment through a literature review. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant treatment for patients with congenital tooth agenesis Wu Yiqun, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 204-211.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.003 Abstract （295）      PDF （2552KB）（336）       Knowledge map    Save Congenital tooth agenesis primarily manifests as an insufficient number of teeth, hypoplasia of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes, and maxillofacial dysplasia, all of which can result in oral or systemic dysfunction. Congenital tooth agenesis is harmful, and its treatment is challenging. Dental implants are an ideal option to restore missing teeth in these patients due to their good stability and comfort. This article aims to analyze the challenges associated with dental implants in the treatment of congenital tooth agenesis and propose strategies for the reconstruction of oral function in patients with congenital tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of yttrium-containing zirconia materials in dental clinical applications Xie Hailin, Guo Xueqi, Wang Liping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 184-189.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.014 Abstract （290）      PDF （1344KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Yttrium-containing zirconia ceramic (YCZC) has been widely used in field of implant and restorative dentistry. It has good mechanical and biological properties when compared with other types of zirconia ceramics. Different types of zirconia ceramics have been used in clinical application, such as Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP)with high mechanical properties, and Yttrium-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ)with high aesthetic properties. Therefore, understanding the physical and chemical properties of different YCZC can improve the clinical success of dental restorations. This article summarizes the available literature concerning the physical and chemical properties of YCZC and their clinical applications in the field of dentistry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in bone regenerative materials for implant dentistry Li Xin, Liu Kaizheng, Wu Shiyu, Liu Yuanxiang, Huang Baoxin, Qiao Wei, Pan Haobo, Chen Zhuofan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 371-377.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.013 Abstract （289）      PDF （1414KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save There has been an increasing number of cases involving bone regeneration in oral clinical treatments, and the requirements for related biomaterials are simultaneously getting higher. This review aims to summarize the research status of bone regeneration materials in the field of implant dentistry. First, specific characteristics of oral bone regeneration applications are introduced. Next, the biochemical and physical properties that affect the performance of materials are discussed, followed by some of the key issues in the field. Finally, an outlook on future research directions is provided to promote the development of next-generation oral bone regeneration materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a new Tent-Peg technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects Wang Mohan, Hu Yinghan, Wu Jing, Zou Duohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.011 Abstract （282）      PDF （1768KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save Adequate bone volume is crucial for the successful placement and long-term stability of dental implants. Therefore, the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects hold significant clinical importance. With the development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, various GBR approaches have been applied in clinical practice to address alveolar bone defects. Based on the concept of "stability-centered" alveolar bone reconstruction, we developed a series of Tent-Peg medical products and established a new Tent-Peg technique. This technique enables the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects without the need for autologous bone, providing a novel solution for both the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. This innovative method has been successfully validated in clinical practice, and its appeal lies in its "three lows" (low technical sensitivity, low failure rate, and low cost) and "three easies" (easy to operate, promote, and popularize). To enhance clinicians' understanding of this innovative technique, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Tent-Peg medical product series and highlights the advantages of the new Tent-Peg technique, supported by clinical case demonstrations. This overview aims to promote the standardized application of this technique in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in research on genes associated with tooth agenesis Zhang Han, Sun Yao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 218-223.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.005 Abstract （272）      PDF （1372KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis, a prevalent oral disease, remains partially elusive in terms of its underlying pathogenic mechanism. Recent breakthroughs have elucidated a series of pathogenic genes associated with this condition, whose encoded proteins play key roles in regulating and guiding normal tooth germ development through essential signaling pathways. This review focuses on genes related to congenital tooth agenesis and their involvement in the signaling pathways of tooth developrnet. As research progreses, especialy through the use of model animal, insights into the pathogenic processes of this developmental anomaly may lead to effective strategies for treating congenital tooth agenesis by modulating the function of these genes or repairing defects in signal transmission.Moreover, this article also discusses the clinical characteristics of congenital tooth agenesis-causing genes observed in human patients and explores the potential link between these genes and the occurrence of tumors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Gao Tingting, Bao Yongjie, Lv Xiaoyan, Chen Xian, Liu Yang, Xu Yilei, Lu Huanyou Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 492-497.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.016 Abstract （267）      PDF （1310KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may be induced during the treatment of oral diseases in patients receiving anti-resorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, as well as angiogenesis inhibitors. However, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unclear, and although numerous studies have established clinical treatment databases, definitive treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Through a review of the literature, this study discusses the definition, etiology, staging, risk factors, treatment and prevention of MRONJ, providing a reference for clinical practice in oral healthcare. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites and implant surgery Shao Zhiwen, Zhu Hanjiu, Song Yingliang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 453-458.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.010 Abstract （264）      PDF （1390KB）（274）       Knowledge map    Save Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction can reduce or even prevent alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue collapse during the healing process. This helps avoid complex soft and hard tissue augmentation procedures and provides good soft and hard tissue conditions for implant surgery. While conventional alveolar ridge preservation techniques have been widely applied and have shown predictable outcomes, there is still no standardized protocol for alveolar ridge preservation in cases where teeth are extracted due to periodontitis or periapical inflammation. To improve the success rate of alveolar ridge preservation in these inflammatory extraction sites, it is necessary to understand the various influencing factors of alveolar ridge preservation. This review discusses the indications for alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites, the impact of inflammation on alveolar ridge preservation, the key steps of this technique, and the timing of implant placement. It also shares experiences and techniques to optimize treatment outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of diabetes on the soft tissue seal surrounding dental implants Wang Qian, Yuan Quan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 347-351.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.009 Abstract （261）      PDF （1377KB）（333）       Knowledge map    Save The soft tissue seal around the dental implants is recognized as a primary mucosal barrier against external stimuli and is critical for maintaining implant stability. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for peri-implantitis. Persistent hyperglycemia can impair the barrier function of peri-implant soft tissues, leading to peri-implant diseases. Moreover, increased pathogenic bacterial infections, excessive inflammatory cytokine activity, and impaired wound healing in diabetic conditions may result in poor soft tissue sealing around implants. This review outlines the structure of peri-implant soft tissue sealing, explores the factors contributing to impaired soft tissue sealing in diabetes, and summarizes methods to improve the mucosal barrier in diabetic patients, providing guidance for implant treatment strategies in diabetic patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical considerations of organ transplant patients receiving implant therapy Tang Yiman, Qiu Lixin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 297-302.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.002 Abstract （258）      PDF （1481KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage organ disease. Based on the increase in life expectancy, the demand for restoration of missing teeth in organ transplant patients has gradually increased. Dental implants have become the preferred treatment of choice for restoring missing teeth. Although dental implants have high success rates in healthy adults, the risk of implant therapy is correspondingly increased in organ transplant patients with previous systemic diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. In this article, we describe the particularity and success of oral implant therapy in organ transplant patients, and further discuss how to conduct a comprehensive assessment when performing implant therapy in organ transplant patients. Besides, we also discuss how to develop an individualized treatment plan to prevent possible risks and complications, in order to provide clinical references for the implementation of safe and effective implant therapy for organ transplant patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in treatment of tooth agenesis Geng Chenxin, Liu Yang, Han Dong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 224-230.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.006 Abstract （251）      PDF （1368KB）（970）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis is the most common dental developmental anomaly in humans, which can cause significant chewing, pronunciation, aesthetic and craniofacial development problems. Due to the unique characteristics of tooth agenesis, its treatment is very time-consuming and costly, imposing huge economic burdens and mental stress on patients. The treatments include a sequential therapeutic strategy with a multidisciplinary team of pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, oral implantology, and other backgrounds, as well as emerging methods such as targeted molecular therapy and tissue engineering. This review provides an update on the knowledge on the characteristics of tooth agenesis, traditional treatments, and the rising fields of molecular therapy and tissue engineering. We also discuss the treatment effects of each method, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of digitally assisted immediate implant placement through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area Zhao Ning, Li Xiaojie, Kou Ni, Ma Guowu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 266-271.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.012 Abstract （249）      PDF （2405KB）（317）       Knowledge map    Save This paper presents a case of digitally assisted immediate implantation through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area. The patient had a root fracture caused by an upper anterior teeth trauma. One impacted canine and two impacted supernumerary teeth were found in the bone on the root side of the affected teeth. During treatment, under the guidance of the digital surgical guide plate and assistance by Er : YAG laser, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth was achieved. At the same time, autologous bone grafting material and platelet-rich fibrin were mixed for bone grafting at the two implant sites. Provisional and permanent restorations were completed with digital technology at 5 months and 8 months after the first stage of surgery, respectively. Postoperative CBCT showed that the implants penetrated through the crown, apical cementum, dentin, and pulp of the impacted teeth. No pain or other complications were found during the follow-up visit. There were no clinical symptoms at the 18-month follow-up visit. CBCT images showed that the bone density around the implants had increased and the lamina dura had formed. In this case, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth in the aesthetic area was realized with the digital assistance, providing a new clinical idea for the selection of treatment options for impacted teeth and increased clinical data for other healing forms of implants besides osseointegration. However, the clinical effect of this kind of operation still needs long-term follow-up observation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical retrospective study of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) and onlay bone grafting in reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects Su Yadi, Zou Jiejuan, Wang Chao, Huang Yuanding Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 169-177.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.012 Abstract （244）      PDF （1679KB）（274）       Knowledge map    Save Objective A clinical retrospective study was proposed to compare the bone augmentation effect of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) with onlay block autogenous bone grafting in the reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects. Methods This study included 39 patients with alveolar bone defects who attended the Implant Department of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2018 to January 2022. According to bone grafting methods, they were divided into 3D-PITM+GBR group (19 patients) and Onlay group (20 patients). Preoperatively, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were imported into Mimics Research and 3-Matic Software for 3D reconstruction and digital design. 3D-PITM was fabricated by CAD/ selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Intraoperatively, bone augmentation surgery was completed with fixed 3D-PITM or autologous bone block. CBCT imaging data were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6~9 months postoperatively and after implant placement. Based on the digital radiographic data, the gained bone height on the implant axis and the gained bone width at 0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm under the implant platform were measured. Results The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher vertical bone increments [2.68 mm (0.45,4.23), 2.27 mm (0.49,3.27)] than onlay group [1.60 mm (0.33,1.62), 1.74 mm (0.53,1.60)] before/after bone grafting and before/after implant placement respectively. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the alveolar ridge before and after bone grafting [(1.97±0.97) mm, (2.59±1.22) mm, (2.94±1.50) mm)] than that of onlay group [(1.06±0.99) mm, (1.45±1.25) mm, (2.32± 1.23) mm]. In the 3D-PITM+GBR group, the mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the implant platform before and after implantation [(2.34±1.09) mm, (2.53±1.48) mm, (2.85±2.20) mm)] were lower than those of onlay group [(2.51±1.34) mm, (3.04±1.73) mm, (3.38±1.94) mm]. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher osteogenesis rates in both horizontal and vertical directions (66.8%, 68.8%) than the Onlay group (64.6%, 62.6%).3D-PITM for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects was able to significantly increase the height and width of alveolar bone reconstruction compared with onlay block autogenous bone grafting, but the implant exposure rate (21%) was still higher than that of the onlay group (5%). Conclusion 3D-PITM+GBR technique can be used instead of block autogenous bone grafting for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects, obtaining ideal bone augmentation results and stable bone contours, but titanium mesh exposure is still a common complication in its application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on repair methods of maxillary sinus mucoperiosteum perforation in lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation Fu Daxi, Tang Zengbin, Zhu Yilin, Shi Zimai, Pan Xiaobo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 378-384.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.014 Abstract （244）      PDF （1588KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary posterior tooth loss can lead to resorption of the alveolar ridge and continuous pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, resulting in insufficient bone quantity in the maxillary posterior region. Maxillary sinus floor elevation is a technique for augmenting the maxillary posterior region. Maxillary sinus mucoperiosteum perforation is one of the most common complications in the lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation. How to repair the perforation and the effects of different repair methods vary. This article reviews the different repair methods for maxillary sinus mucoperiosteum perforation in the lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation, aiming to provide some reference for clinical practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of factors related to complications of transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation Qian Yuxin, Wu Wei, Zhou Yongmiao, Wang Mingxi, Tang Chunbo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 138-143.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.008 Abstract （240）      PDF （1371KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save In cases of insufficient bone in the maxillary posterior region, the transalveolar technique is a common, safe, and effective method to increase the amount of bone required for implantation. However, this technique may also lead to various intraoperative and postoperative complications. Clinicians need to pay attention to various risk factors to minimize the incidence of complications. The purpose of this article is to discuss the risk factors associated with complications of internal sinus floor elevation, which are categorized into intraoperative and postoperative complications. The most common intraoperative complications are perforations of the sinus floor mucosa and ectopic insertions of implants into the sinus. Postoperative complications, such as maxillary sinus infection and postoperative maxillary sinusitis, displacement of implants after surgery, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), deserve more attention. Given these complications, this article provides a detailed description of the risk factors, hoping to help clinical doctors in using the internal sinus floor elevation more safely and effectively in the clinic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 295-296.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.001 Abstract （239）      PDF （1347KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies for implant surface decontamination in therapy of peri-implantitis Yang Ting, Hu Wenjie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 385-390.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.015 Abstract （233）      PDF （1381KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-mediated pathological condition of peri-implant tissue, characterized by inflammation in peri-implant mucosa accompanied by progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. It is the main reason that affects the long-term result of dental implant restoration, which might eventually lead to implant failure. Implant surface decontamination is the key to the management of peri-implantitis. Non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment have both been used in clinical practice, but there is no gold standard protocol for implant decontamination. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the characteristics of implants with and without peri-implantitis to understand the decontamination strategy for infected implant surfaces, which can provide a reference for clinicians in the decision-making when managing peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of maxillary sinus anatomical characteristics on the operation of internal sinus floor elevation Luo Zixin, Hu Dandan, Geng Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 133-137.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.007 Abstract （226）      PDF （1341KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation is one of the main methods to increase the vertical bone volume for implants in the maxillary posterior region. According to the surgical approach, it can be divided into two surgical procedures: external sinus floor elevation and internal sinus floor elevation. The latter has the advantages of safety, minimally invasiveness, and economy compared with the former. The anatomical morphology of the maxillary sinus is one of the important factors affecting the operation of maxillary sinus floor elevation. This article reviews and analyzes the main anatomical factors such as the morphology of the maxillary sinus floor, the residual bone height, the maxillary sinus septum, and the Schneiderian membrane, in order to help the application of internal sinus floor elevation in clinical work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factor analysis and treatment strategies for oral implant restoration in patients with Sjögren syndrome Chen Li, Fang Ming, Zhang Yanting, Zhang Xiaolin, Liu Qing, Zheng Zhaohui, Zhou Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 320-327.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.005 Abstract （223）      PDF （2288KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a common disease in oral clinical practice with typical symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes, often accompanied by complex systemic symptoms and a long history of medication. With the growing prevalence of dental implant restorations, there has been a corresponding rise in the demand for implantation treatments among individuals with Sjögren Syndrome. However, there is a lack of relevant treatment guidelines for implant restoration in these patients. This article presents a case of an implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome,summarizes our team's experience in the treatment of implant restoration in these patients, and discusses the risk assessment and treatment strategies for dental implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. A comprehensive risk assessment before treatment, a reasonable implant restoration plan, and consistent long-term plaque control are essential for the successful outcomes of implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies for the use of photothermal therapy in peri-implant diseases Gong Jing, Bo Meng, Fang Jiao, Wang Lin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 391-397.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.016 Abstract （222）      PDF （1396KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Save Photothermal therapy (PTT), as an emerging non-invasiveness therapeutic technology, has gradually gained wide attention in the treatment of peri-implant diseases with the convenient clinical operation and easy patient acception. Among them, the near-infrared light-responsive PTT provides a solution for the problems of insufficient intensity and depth in the traditional treatment modality. It also has the advantage of reducing the damage to surrounding tissues and promoting healing. In this paper, the strategies of using PTT in peri-implant diseases are reviewed to provide a reference for its clinical application in such diseases and its further development in the field of oral antimicrobial therapy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of the accuracy of dental implant robots in preclinical and clinical studies Wang Yiming, Li Xinru, Teng Weiwei, Ma Junchi, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 362-370.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.012 Abstract （212）      PDF （2393KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically evaluate the accuracy of dental implant surgery assisted by a dental implant robot system in both preclinical and clinical studies. Methods Studies of dental implant robots were searched on online platforms like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang data from the establishment of the database to August 2023. The studies included preclinical (model and animal experiments) and clinical research. The main outcome measures were three-dimensional deviations between the targeted position and the implanted position, including the coronal deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation of implants. Stata 14.0 and RevMan software were used for meta-analysis of the data. Subgroup analysis was used to compare errors in four aspects: different study designs and subjects, preparation of implant cavities versus insertion of implants, dentition condition, and specific anatomical structures. Results Finally, 23 studies (18 preclinical studies and 5 clinical studies) from 20 papers were included, comprising a total of 840 implant sites. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in the preclinical study of dental implant robot-assisted implantation, the coronal deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation were 0.60 mm (95% CI: 0.51~0.70, I2=0.0%), 0.73 mm (95% CI: 0.62~0.84, I2=24.9%), and 1.25°(95% CI: 1.02~1.48, I2 = 47.9%), respectively. In clinical studies, the coronal deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation were 0.62 mm (95% CI: 0.39~0.86, I2=0.0%), 0.63 mm (95% CI: 0.39~0.87, I2=0%) and 1.23°(95% CI: 0.71~1.76, I2=15.9%), respectively. Conclusion There was no statistical difference in the coronal deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation of dental implant surgery assisted by the dental implant robot system in preclinical and clinical studies, providing a reference for subsequent experiments and clinical applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological complications of butt-joint dental implants: a retrospective case analysis Chen Zhenqi, Yan Qi, Chen Yan, Shi Bin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 352-357.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.010 Abstract （209）      PDF （1580KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To retrospectively analyze cases of biological complications of the butt-joint dental implant system (Zimmer, America) and explore relevant risk factors. Methods Cases of biological complications occurring with butt-joint implant systems (Zimmer) at the Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed. Results A total of 65 implants were identified to have biological complications, with 1 624 implants being reviewed overall. Six implants developed peri-implantitis, while 59 implants developed peri-implant mucositis. The average patient age was (56.20±11.46) years, and the mean loading time was (4.06±2.36) years. Conclusion The maxillary and molar regions are common sites for biological complications associated with butt-joint dental implants. Special attention should be paid to the occlusal design of distal free-end implant restorations to avoid the adverse effects of occlusal overload. Although the "cold welding" effect is advantageous in reducing the impact of microleakage, it increases the risk of mechanical complications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility study of artificial intelligence in immediate implant measurements and analysis in the mandibular molar region Zhao Wenbo, Li Xinru, Su Hang, Teng Weiwei, Cai Wenyu, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 178-183.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.013 Abstract （209）      PDF （1391KB）（255）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze and validate the feasibility of an artificial intelligence software, ITK-SNAP, in identifying the distance between mandibular molars and the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Methods The cone-beam CT (CBCT) image data of 100 college students were selected, and 30 cases were randomly selected as the experimental group, and the remaining 70 cases were used as the validation group together with the 30 cases in the experimental group. The distances from the apices of the mandibular molar roots and the tops of the alveolar septa to the inferior alveolar nerve canals were measured using CBCT image analysis software and ITK-SNAP, respectively. Results The differences in the distances between mandibular molars and the inferior alveolar nerve canals measured by CBCT and ITK-SNAP software were not statistically significant in intergroup comparisons ( P>0.05), and had a high correlation with r>0 (correlation coefficients r were all greater than 0.9); in both males and females, the distances from the mesial apices, the distal apices, and the tops of the alveolar septa to the upper walls of the inferior alveolar nerve canals of the mandibular first molars were significantly greater than those of the second molars ( P<0.05), and the distances from each point of the mandibular first molars to the upper walls of the inferior alveolar nerve canals were significantly greater than those of the second molars in both the right and left sides ( P<0.05). Conclusion The artificial intelligence software ITK-SNAP for measuring the distance between mandibular molars and the mandibular canal is feasible, which provides a reference for the preoperative planning of immediate implant placement in the mandibular molar region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A systematic literature review on the implant survival rate for congenitally missing teeth Zhao Yu, Zan Bingxin, Dai Qinggang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 242-251.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.009 Abstract （207）      PDF （1424KB）（254）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To review the relevant literature from the last decade reporting on the outcomes of congenitally edentulous patients after implant prosthetic restoration, and to synthesize the implant survival rates from different perspectives to provide information for clinical decision-making. Methods A search using the combination ("hypodontia" OR "oligodontia" OR "anodontia" OR "tooth agenesis" OR "congenitally missing teeth") AND "dental implant*" was used in databases such as PubMed, with a time frame from February 2014 to February 2024. The literature was screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the bibliographies of the selected research articles were manually searched. Results A total of 34 prospective/retrospective studies and some case reports on implant restorations in congenitally edentulous patients were finally included. It was found that the overall implant survival rate in these patients was high, with an average of 96.53%, depending on individual patient factors and treatment techniques. Congenital edentulism was categorized into simple congenital edentulism and syndromic congenital edentulism, with survival rates of 97.32% and 95.54%, respectively, based on the relationship with systemic diseases. There were slight differences in implant survival rates between different age groups, with 93.82% for patients aged 17 years and younger, and 96.83% for adult patients aged 18 years and older. The maxillary lateral incisors, with a high rate of congenital defects involving the anterior esthetic zone, had an ideal implant survival rate (98.48%). The implant survival rate for congenitally edentulous patients combined with bone augmentation techniques was 96.19%. The survival rates for zygomatic implants and small-diameter implants (or mini-implants) were 98.18% and 97.18%, respectively. Conclusion Implant surgery is a better solution to restoring oral function in congenitally edentulous patients. However, it still needs to be analyzed according to the patient's situation to improve the implant survival rates and the success of implant restoration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status of implant intervention in adolescents with severe tooth loss due to ectodermal dysplasia Su Guanyu, Shen Yihan, Wu Yiqun, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 236-241.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.008 Abstract （206）      PDF （1434KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis is a typical developmental abnormality in the oral and maxillofacial region among teenagers. Ectodermal dysplasia(ED) is the primary cause of severe tooth agenesis in adolescents. Teenagers with severe tooth agenesis benefit from implant intervention for the possibility of regaining masticatory function and speech function, as well as maintaining a pleasing facial appearance. In terms of retention and stability, implant-supported dentures for teenagers outperform conventional removable dentures. This review elaborates on the feasibility of implant placement in teenagers with ED, focusing on the considerations of implant placement and common methods for this special group of patients. Lastly, prospects for further study in this field are highlighted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts during sinus floor elevation Bao Yuejie, Zhan Pingping, Lin Zhihao, He Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 543-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.013 Abstract （205）      PDF （2026KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces a surgical approach for the simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts and sinus floor elevation using the double-window technique. The first lateral window is created to elevate the Schneiderian membrane and establish space for bone augmentation. Once the membrane is fully elevated and remains intact, a second small lateral window is created above the first to remove the cyst. The two windows are separated to prevent contamination of the graft material by the cystic contents. Additionally, a conservative surgical approach for the palliative treatment of sinus cysts is presented. Three representative cases are described to demonstrate specific techniques and surgical methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral implantation strategies for patients with ectodermal dysplasia Wang Mingxi, Gao Shan, Wang Long, Zhou Yongmiao, Tang Chunbo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 231-235.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.007 Abstract （203）      PDF （1508KB）（212）       Knowledge map    Save Ectodermal dysplasia(ED) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal tissue and structural development of ectodermal origin. Most of the patients have congenital tooth deficiency, alveolar bone dysplasia and other oral manifestations. In clinical practice, removable dentures are often used to replace missing teeth; but due to special anatomical conditions, removable dentures often have problems such as poor retention.In recent years, implant therapy has been used in the treatment of missing teeth in ED patients because of its better functionality and aesthetics. This paper summarizes the choice of the implantation time and implantation plans for ED patients, discusses the difficulties and solutions of implantation therapy, and outlines the application of digital technology in the treatment of ED patients, aiming to provide a reference for implantation therapy in ED patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of bioabsorbable collagen membrane fixation protocols on horizontal ridge augmentation in the maxillary anterior region Zhang Shuo, Liu Chang, Xiao Hanyu, Zhang Weifeng, Deng Huanze, Zhang Jian Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 420-428.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.005 Abstract （203）      PDF （2202KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the influence of bioabsorbable collagen membrane fixation protocols on horizontal ridge augmentation in the maxillary anterior region. Methods A total of 36 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. One implant was placed in the maxillary anterior region, and simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery was performed. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on different bioabsorbable collagen membrane fixation protocols. Group 1: fixation with titanium pins; Group 2: fixation with absorbable sutures; Group 3: fixation with titanium pins and absorbable sutures. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after surgery (T1) and at six months post-surgery (T2), respectively. The horizontal bone width of the augmented region was analyzed at the implant shoulder (H 0) and 2, 4, 6 mm apical to the implant shoulder (H 2, H 4, H 6). Changes in labial bone width during bone healing were calculated as absolute values (mm) and relative values (%). The incidence of postoperative complications was recorded. Results After six months of bone healing, all groups showed significant bone loss at H 0-H 6 compared to immediate post-surgery results ( P<0.05). At H 2, horizontal bone loss in Group 1 was significantly less than in Group 2 ( P<0.05). Group 3 exhibited significantly less horizontal bone loss compared to Group 1 at H 0 ( P<0.05), and Group 3 showed significantly less bone loss than Group 2 at H 0-H 4 ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hematoma, wound bleeding, wound dehiscence, or infection among the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion When implant placement with simultaneous horizontal ridge augmentation was performed in the maxillary anterior region, membrane fixation with titanium pins demonstrated superior results of the augmented region near the implant shoulder compared to fixation with absorbable sutures. However, the combined use of pins and absorbable sutures contributed to achieving better bone augmentation results compared to using either method alone. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of bone blocks harvested from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus in horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using the tenting technique Zhou Danhong, Hu Ling, Zhou Guodong, Qiu Yuesheng, Jiang Zhiwei, Yang Guoli Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 407-412.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.003 Abstract （197）      PDF （1644KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical effect of bone blocks harvested from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus on horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using the tenting technique. Methods This study reviewed patients with dental defects who underwent horizontal tenting technique in the maxillary posterior region using bone blocks harvested from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus at the Stomatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2018 to March 2023. The width of the alveolar ridge in the grafted area was compared using cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) images taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. Patients were also followed up clinically. Results There was a statistically significant increase in bone width at 0mm and 3mm from the top of the alveolar ridge in the immediate postoperative period compared to the preoperative period ( P<0.05). 6 months postoperatively, the increase in horizontal bone width at the top of the alveolar ridge was (3.60±2.29) mm compared to preoperative measurements ( P>0.05). The increase in horizontal bone width at 3 mm from the top of the alveolar ridge was (2.85±1.54) mm compared to preoperative measurements, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). And compared to the immediate postoperative period, the bone augmentation at different distances from the top of the alveolar ridge remained basically stable 6 months postoperatively, with no significant bone resorption observed ( P>0.05). Conclusion Bone blocks harvested from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus show effective bone augmentation and favorable clinical outcomes when used in the horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using the tenting technique. It provides a new surgical method for cases with insufficient alveolar ridge width in the maxillary posterior region, especially when combined with severe bone height deficiency requiring lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics