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A case report of a peri-implant cyst Xu Manjun, Liu Chunjie, Sun Licong, Li Hong, Guo Fujun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 384-387.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.009 Abstract （593）      PDF （1599KB）（925）       Knowledge map    Save This paper reports a case of a peri-implant cyst associated with periapical periodontitis of the adjacent tooth. The patient presented with swelling and pain around the implant at site 47 in the right mandible, and the diagnosis was confirmed by cone beam computed tomography and other examinations. Treatment included removal of the loosened implant at site 47 and curettage of the cystic lesion. Additionally, a partial root resection and lesion curettage were performed on tooth 46. Histopathological examination confirmed an odontogenic cyst with secondary infection. Follow-up showed satisfactory wound healing without complications. Based on an in-depth analysis of this case and a review of the relevant literature, we comprehensively discuss the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and prevention and treatment strategies for peri-implant cysts. This report aims to provide valuable insights for oral implant clinicians to enhance understanding, diagnosis, and management of this condition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral implantology and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 317-330.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.001 Abstract （582）      PDF （2181KB）（2043）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a serious complication associated with antiresorptive therapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, and has received increasing attention in recent years.In implant patients, severe MRONJ can lead to devastating consequences for the jawbone, with few effective preventive strategies currently available.Although a substantial body of literature on MRONJ exists, it often lacks systematic organization.Therefore, this review discusses the definition, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis, staging, diagnostic criteria, histopathological manifestations, risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies for MRONJ. Special emphasis is placed on the risks and management of peri-implant MRONJ (PI-MRONJ). Despite the lack of consensus on many aspects of MRONJ, the objective discussion in this article presents current research progress to clinicians and provide references for the prevention and treatment of MRONJ and PI-MRONJ. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the effect of surface treatment on osseointegration of dental implants Wang Yingjie, Wang Mengxue, Cao Yu, Xu Ziman, Xu Yuou, Liu Lehua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 405-411.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.013 Abstract （458）      PDF （1333KB）（1734）       Knowledge map    Save Osseointegration of implants is defined as the direct structural and functional connection between a loaded implant and the surrounding ordered bone tissue. This process is complex, involving the interactions among multiple cell types. Osteoblasts adhere to, proliferate on, and differentiate at the implant surface, and through a sequence of biological processes, they facilitate the integration of the implant with the adjacent bone tissue—an event pivotal to osseointegration. Robust osseointegration enhances implant stability, reduces the risk of infection, and thereby increases the success rate of restoration and improving patients’ quality of life. However, studies indicate that diabetes can impede the osseointegration process and lower the implant success rate. To enhance osseointegration in diabetic patients, researchers have developed a variety of novel materials and techniques, including continuous antibacterial materials, biological factor sustained-release materials and surface modification techniques. Among these, implant surface treatment has attracted significant attention due to its ability to improve osseointegration performance while enhancing biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. This article reviews the principles and efficacy of various implant surface treatment methods, such as mechanical treatments, coating technologies, and biomaterial scaffolds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy comparison of freehand, dynamic navigation, and robot-assisted implant placement Liu Haiyan, Zheng Yuchen, Ding Yude, Yang Fan, Wang Linhong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 341-348.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.003 Abstract （439）      PDF （1864KB）（1383）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the differences in precision among various techniques in implant surgery by comparing the accuracy of freehand, dynamic navigation-assisted, and robot-assisted implant placement. Methods Patients who underwent implant surgery at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into freehand, dynamic navigation, and robotic groups. Implant accuracy was assessed by comparing preoperative CBCT-designed implant positions with actual postoperative CBCT implant positions. Results A total of 87 cases (96 implants) were included in this study, including 30 cases (31 implants) in the freehand group, 28 cases (36 implants) in the dynamic navigation group, and 29 cases (29 implants) in the robot group. In the robot group, the total deviation at the starting point (0.91±0.46) mm, endpoint (1.05±0.61) mm, and angular deviation (3.07°±1.69°) were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(1.42±0.86) mm, (2.00±1.18) mm, and 7.78°±3.58°] and the dynamic navigation group [(1.32±0.57) mm, (1.64±0.77) mm, and 4.59°±2.65°]. Conclusion Robot-assisted implantation demonstrates significant advantages in terms of precision when compared to dynamic navigation and freehand implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of screw tenting technology in implant restoration of multiple missing teeth in the anterior esthetic zone Zhang Chuankai, Zhang Jiayuan, Cui Lingyun, Ye Yihan, Lin Haiyan, Chen Qingsheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 349-355.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.004 Abstract （392）      PDF （1463KB）（900）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To use a retrospective clinical approach to analyze the clinical treatment effects of screw tenting technology in implant restoration of consecutively missing teeth in the anterior esthetic zone. Methods A total of 86 patients with consecutive anterior teeth esthetic area defects who were treated at the Implant Center of the West City Branch of Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital from December 2019 to December 2023 were included. They were divided into the experimental group (tenting screw technique + delayed implantation) and the control group (conventional guided bone regeneration technique + immediate implantation), with 43 cases in each group. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging data of patients were collected at the following time points: before bone augmentation, 6 months, and 12 months after bone augmentation, after implant placement, and 1 to 12 months after final restoration. The implant survival rate of the two groups was compared. Based on CBCT digital imaging data, the alveolar bone width at the alveolar ridge crest of the two groups of patients 6 months and 12 months after bone augmentation was measured respectively. Meanwhile, the esthetic status of the implant restorations immediately after restoration, 6 months after restoration, and 12 months after restoration was evaluated using the pink esthetic score, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results The implant survival rate was 98.21% in the control group and 100.00% in the experimental group. The alveolar bone width at the alveolar ridge crest in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at 6 months and 12 months after bone augmentation, with values of (7.69±0.42) mm and (7.22±0.40) mm in the experimental group, and (6.53±0.39) mm and (6.20±0.43) mm in the control group (P=0.001). The pink esthetic score (PES) of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 6 months and 12 months after the final restoration, with scores of (10.72±1.42) and (9.95±1.34) in the experimental group, and (7.52±1.20) and (7.01±1.15) in the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion The tenting screw technique can effectively ensure the survival rate of implants in the implant restoration of consecutive anterior teeth esthetic area defects. Its implantation effect is comparable to that of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique. In the implant restoration cases of consecutive anterior teeth esthetic area defects, the tenting screw technique can achieve better bone augmentation and restoration effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of topical minocycline combined with conventional antibiotics on modified plaque index, sICAM-1, and IL-1β in patients with post-implantation infection after dental implant surgery Tang Mingchao, Zeng Qingxiang, Zhang Xiaoyan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 363-369.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.006 Abstract （385）      PDF （1381KB）（995）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the effect of topical minocycline combined with conventional antibiotics on modified plaque index and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICMA-1) and interleukin-1β (1L-1β) after localized periodontitis. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 60 patients with localized periodontal disease who underwent dental implant surgery from May 2022 to September 2024. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method. The control group received routine antibiotics and conventional treatment for localized periodontal disease and dental implant surgery, while the observation group received minocycline hydrochloride ointment in addition to these treatments. The study compared the treatment outcomes, clinical indicators of periodontal soft tissue before and after intervention, and the levels of sICAM-1, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Results The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than 70.00% in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the peri-implant pocket depth, plaque index, peri-implant mucosa index, and clinical attachment loss in both groups decreased (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower (P< 0.001). At 3 days, 7 days, and 1 month after intervention, the levels of sICAM-1, IL-1β, and MMP-8 in the peri-implant sulcular fluid of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the peri-implant sulcular fluid were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Minocycline hydrochloride ointment can reduce the oxidative stress response after dental implant surgery in localized periodontitis and improve the inflammatory state of peri-implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres in repairing femoral condylar bone defects in rabbits Zhang Guoliang, Wang Jianguo, Zhang Hongyu, Zhang Shuangsheng, Wu Jiang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 331-340.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.002 Abstract （382）      PDF （2583KB）（1051）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the possibility of GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres as bone regeneration materials, a critical bone defect model of the rabbit femoral condyle was established to access bone regeneration in vivo. Methods Composite microspheres were prepared by the ionic gel-drip method, and the prepared GO/ZnO microspheres, nHAp microspheres, and GO/ZnO/nHAp microspheres were implanted into three groups of experimental rabbit femoral condyle standard critical bone defect models, with a blank control group. The animals were killed in batches at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the operation, and the samples were taken completely for evaluation. Gross observation, X-ray film, CBCT detection, qPCR, Western blot, hard histological section, and HE staining of liver and kidney pathology were carried out to explore the osteogenesis and osseointegration of implanted materials. Results At 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, the results of X-ray, CBCT, qPCR and Western blot in the GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microsphere group were significantly better than those in GO/ZnO and nHAp microspheres group at the same time point. The comparison of the experimental results of the qPCR, Western blot and hard tissue section showed that there were statistically significant differences among the three microspheres in promoting bone formation (P<0.05). Conclusion GO/ZnO, nHAp, and GO/ZnO/nHAp all have good biocompatibility and osteogenic activity. GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres can effectively repair the bone defect of rabbit femoral condyle, and their in vivo bone conduction and bone induction properties are superior to GO/ZnO microspheres and nHAp microspheres, which have potential application value in bone defect repair materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Surgical techniques for peri-implant free epithelium-connective tissue grafting to augment keratinized mucosa Zhao Lingzhou, Ma Chufan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 519-524.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.002 Abstract （354）      PDF （1472KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save In addressing insufficient peri-implant keratinized mucosa width (KMW)—a critical determinant of long-term implant stability and peri-implant tissue health—the peri-implant free epithelium-connective tissue grafting (FECTG) emerges as an efficacious surgical solution. This article presents technical refinements for FECTG implementation, advocating keratinized mucosa augmentation either prior to or concomitant with second-stage implant surgery to optimize surgical access and buccolingual keratinized tissue distribution. Maxillary cases benefit from palatal soft tissue transfer for buccal width enhancement, whereas mandibular cases demand meticulous technique due to lingual anatomical constraints, where improper handling may risk keratinized mucosa deficiency. The pivotal periosteal recipient bed preparation requires preservation of periosteal integrity to ensure vascularization, elimination of mobile soft tissue to enhance graft stability, and creation of a recipient bed slightly larger than the graft to facilitate suturing and promote early nutrient/oxygen diffusion. Graft fixation employs a dual-suture approach—coronal interrupted sutures coupled with external horizontal mattress sutures. Crucially, omitting sutures for apically positioned flaps streamlines the procedure, reducing operative time while lowering technical complexity. These evidence-based protocols may facilitate the broader clinical adoption of FECTG for peri-implant soft tissue augmentation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the sausage technique in horizontal ridge augmentation Zhou Shenghui, Yang Zinan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 502-508.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.011 Abstract （351）      PDF （1209KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save Horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation remains one of the most clinically challenging procedures in implant dentistry, and the quality of bone regeneration critically determines the long-term stability of dental implants. Conventional guided bone regeneration techniques have technical limitations in coronal horizontal ridge augmentation, including membrane displacement and inadequate maintenance of the osteogenic compartment. The innovative sausage technique has emerged as a breakthrough approach for predictable horizontal bone augmentation. This method enhances procedural predictability through modified membrane stabilization protocols and optimized graft containment mechanisms. Clinical evidence demonstrates that the sausage technique not only ensures consistent ridge augmentation outcomes but also facilitates ideal prosthetic-driven implant placement in knife-edged alveolar ridges through its unique three-dimensional space-maintaining properties, offering clinicians a reliable solution for complex bone defect rehabilitation. This review comprehensively examines the evolution, technical characteristics, clinical advantages and limitations, and recent advancements of the sausage technique, with the goal of establishing an evidence-based framework for developing personalized bone augmentation protocols. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant restoration of horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency in the right mandibular molar region using ridge split combined with GBR: a case report Xu Wei, Liu Jianzhong, Wang Yujiang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 388-392.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.010 Abstract （351）      PDF （1831KB）（1152）       Knowledge map    Save This paper report a case of delayed implantation using staged ridge split combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) in a patient with a knife-edge alveolar ridge due to free-end edentulism in the posterior mandible. For a patient with insufficient alveolar ridge crest width in the mandible who met the indications for ridge splitting, a two-stage ridge split was performed. The first surgery involved splitting the cortical bone to promote bone remodeling. One month later, a second ridge split was carried out with simultaneous implant placement, combined with GBR to achieve horizontal ridge augmentation. The horizontal alveolar bone width increased by 4~5 mm, meeting clinical requirements for implantation while reducing the risk of buccolingual implant exposure, minimizing surgical trauma, and shortening the treatment period. However, a two-year follow-up revealed buccal bone plate resorption in the surgical area at a rate of 0.1~0.3 mm/year. The staged ridge split technique provides a treatment option for patients with severe horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency (width≤3 mm) in the posterior mandible, but attention should be paid to the issue of long-term bone resorption. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusal design of implant restorations Wang Qianchen, Cao Ye, Ge Yanjun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 399-404.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.012 Abstract （351）      PDF （1336KB）（1450）       Knowledge map    Save Dental implant restoration is one of the primary methods for repairing dentition defects and edentulism, and its occlusal design is a critical factor influencing the restoration outcome and the implant success rate. Due to the differences in biomechanical properties between dental implants and natural teeth, the rational distribution of occlusal forces becomes a key issue in implant restoration design. This review begins with the differences between implant prostheses and natural teeth, analyzes the association between occlusal forces and peri-implant bone resorption, as well as mechanical complications, and summarizes the occlusal design principles for different types of implant restorations, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of injectable hydrogels in bone tissue regeneration Yang Yupu, Dong Zheqin, Yu Hongwei, Liu Yu, Wang Xiaohong, Wang Shengmiao, Lan Jing Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 412-420.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.014 Abstract （348）      PDF （1329KB）（3268）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of bone tissue engineering technologies, novel biomaterials have gradually become a major research focus in the field of modern bone tissue repair. Injectable hydrogels, due to their excellent biocompatibility, high tunability, and drug-loading capacity, have increasingly emerged as important materials in bone tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the research progress on injectable hydrogels in bone tissue repair, with a particular focus on their application strategies in the field of bone tissue regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical outcomes and considerations of concurrent soft tissue augmentation with immediate implant placement Wang Bin, Jiang Yixuan, Man Yi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 557-565.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.008 Abstract （343）      PDF （1488KB）（511）       Knowledge map    Save Immediate implant placement is a reliable treatment modality for replacing compromised teeth in the esthetic zone, offering advantages such as reduced treatment time and fewer surgical interventions. However, the surgical trauma associated with immediate implant placement induces remodeling of the alveolar bone and surrounding soft tissues, and subsequent changes in hard and soft tissue contours may pose esthetic risks. Concurrent soft tissue grafting performed at the time of immediate implant placement has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate these risks and has recently become a focus of research. This review synthesizes recent evidence-based findings to discuss key considerations regarding clinical outcomes, material selection, and immediate restoration in the context of concurrent soft tissue grafting with immediate implant placement, thereby providing clinical decision-making support for practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aesthetic outcomes and clinical analysis of the socket-shield technique in immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth Zhang Jiayuan, Liu Hui, Huang Shishi, Chen Ying, Chen Qingsheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 456-463.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.005 Abstract （342）      PDF （1308KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of the socket-shield technique in immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth in a retrospective study. Methods A total of 86 patients who underwent immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth at our hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to different implant surgical techniques, with 43 patients in each group. The socket-shield technique group (experimental group) received immediate implant placement combined with the root membrane technique, while the conventional implant group (control group) underwent minimally invasive tooth extraction followed by immediate implant placement.Implant survival rate, complication rate, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Additionally, probing depth (PD), pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and modified bleeding index (mBI) were assessed pre- and postoperatively between the two groups. Results The implant retention rate was 95.35% in the socket-shield technique group and 88.37% in the conventional implant group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.237). Patient satisfaction in terms of soft tissue color, overall esthetics, chewing comfort, and total score was significantly higher in the experimental group (P<0.001), with scores of (8.72±0.90), (9.13±0.54), (8.45±0.67), and (25.36±1.42), respectively, compared with (7.36±1.45), (8.22±1.30), (7.01±1.63), and (22.59±1.74) in the control group. Preoperatively, there were no significant differences in PES, mBI, and PD between the two groups (P>0.05).Postoperatively, PES and WES were significantly higher in the experimental group [(8.68±0.89) and (9.01±0.33)] than in the control group [(7.25±1.41) and (8.30±0.76)] (P < 0.001). The socket-shield technique group also exhibited significantly lower mBI and PD values [(0.27±0.08) and (2.35±0.68) mm] than the control group [(1.39±0.36) and (3.27±0.91) mm] (P < 0.001). Additionally, the complication rate in the socket-shield technique group was 9.30%, which was not significantly different from that in the conventional implant group (13.95%; P=0.501). Conclusion Both treatment modalities demonstrated high Implant retention rates and safety profiles. However, the socket-shield technique exhibited superior esthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction in the immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth, making it worthy of broader clinical application and promotion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of extraction site preservation in the anterior aesthetic zone of patients with chronic periodontitis scheduled for tooth extraction Liu Jianxing, Fu Yan, Liu Kezhao, Zhang Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 449-455.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.004 Abstract （336）      PDF （1248KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the effect of extraction site preservation in the maxillary anterior aesthetic zone of patients with StageⅢ orⅣ, Grade C periodontitis. Methods A total of 80 patients who were required extraction of anterior maxillary teeth due to chronic periodontitis and were treated at Saisi Stomatological Hospital of Henan University from January 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively included. Among them, 40 patients were assigned to the experimental group and underwent minimally invasive extraction followed by extraction site preservation, while 40 patients were assigned to the control group and underwent only minimally invasive extraction. Changes in the three-dimensional contour of the alveolar bone before and after treatment, as well as postoperative pain assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), were compared between the two groups. Results At 6 months postoperatively, compared with the immediate postoperative CBCT measurements, the vertical height of the alveolar bone decreased in both groups, but the decrease was significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.0060). At 2 mm apical to the alveolar crest, both groups exhibited horizontal bone resorption, but the experimental group showed significantly less resorption (P=0.0008). At 4 mm apical to the alveolar crest, both groups showed an increase in horizontal bone width, with the experimental group showing a significantly greater increase than the control group (P=0.0390). Over time, VAS pain scores decreased in both groups. At 3 days and 7 days postoperatively, VAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (3 days: P=0.0007; 7 days: P=0.0050). Conclusion Extraction site preservation can significantly reduce the resorption of alveolar bone height and width following extraction of anterior maxillary teeth in patients with chronic periodontitis, thereby providing favorable conditions for subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. In addition, it can alleviate postoperative pain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention and management of maxillary anterior peri-implant soft tissue dehiscence Wang Miaozhen, Liu Feng, Liu Yan, Li Yi, Zhan Yaling, Liu Xinran Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 549-556.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.007 Abstract （336）      PDF （1708KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implant mid-facial recession, characterized by gingival recession, abutment exposure, and "black triangle" formation, critically compromises esthetic outcomes. Specific predisposing and precipitating factors are as follows: buccal bone dehiscence or fenestration, a thin periodontal phenotype, and insufficient or absent keratinized mucosa; improper case selection for immediate implant placement, overly buccal implant positioning, excessively large implant or abutment diameters, and over-contoured restorations; as well as aggressive tooth brushing and inflammatory stimuli from peri-implant diseases. Preventive strategies for mid-facial recession must be integrated throughout the entire implant treatment cycle. Preoperatively, CBCT is utilized for precise planning of implant placement, and digitally guided surgery may be selected for accurate implantation. In immediate implant cases, it is recommended to combine jump gap bone grafting and connective tissue graft (CTG) intraoperatively to thicken the soft tissue. For early or delayed implantation, the focus shifts to preserving existing tissue and reconstructing lost tissue. This involves using standardized guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques and tension-free suturing during bone augmentation to rebuild lost support. During the prosthetic phase, provisional and final prostheses with appropriate emergence profiles and biocompatible materials are used to effectively shape and support the soft tissue. For managing the existing recession, a graded treatment protocol is proposed as follows. Mild recession (<2 mm): Tunnel technique + CTG. Severe recession (≥2 mm): coronally advanced flap (CAF) + CTG. Cases with loss of interdental papilla: connective tissue platform technique. In summary, achieving long-term stable aesthetics requires strict adherence to clinical protocols, control of iatrogenic factors, and a combination of evidence-based decision-making with precise surgical execution. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application research of YOLOv5s_CBCT model in measuring alveolar bone height and width in CBCT images of missing teeth Liu Wenqi, Wei Wenquan, Mo Hongbing, Shen Xiaorong, Zang Yixin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 429-439.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.002 Abstract （319）      PDF （2016KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the measurement value of the artificial intelligence model based on YOLOv5s (YOLOv5s_CBCT) for the height and width of alveolar bone at the location of missing teeth, and to provide a precise quantitative tool for preoperative planning of oral implants. Methods Based on the faster implementation of CSP bottleneck with 2 convolutions (C2f), and large selective kernel (LSK) modules, the C2f_CBCT and LSK_CBCT modules were constructed. Using modules and structures such as space-to-depth (SPD), ghost convolution (GhostConv), C3 with ghost convolution (C3Ghost) and bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), the YOLOv5s_CBCT model was proposed, and the test images were input into the YOLOv5s_CBCT model after training. The predicted average values of alveolar bone height and width for the four implant areas by the model were respectively obtained and error analysis was conducted. Bidirectional analysis of variance was used to explore the significant factors influencing the measurement results, and Bland-Altman consistency analysis and Tukey test were further adopted to strengthen and improve the conclusions of bidirectional analysis of variance. Results (1) Model comparison experiments showed that the proposed model achieved higher detection accuracy with fewer parameters and lower computational complexity. (2) The maximum average error of alveolar bone height detection in the four implant regions was 0.15 mm, and the minimum was 0.03 mm. The maximum average error of width detection was 0.26 mm, and the minimum was 0.10 mm. (3) The results of the two-way ANOVA indicated that the detection results of alveolar bone height and width were significantly affected by the implant region, but not by the measurement method. (4) Bland-Altman consistency analysis further demonstrated good agreement between manual measurements and model prediction. (5) The Tukey test identified the grouping of implant regions that had a significant impact on the measurement results. Conclusion The overall experimental results demonstrated that the measurement errors of the model were all within an acceptable range. The measurement results have high clinical reference value, and the proposed YOLOv5s_CBCT model can be conveniently deployed on medical instruments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy of three digitally guided implant techniques for full-arch rehabilitation: an in vitro study Li Yue, Zhao Wenbo, Wang Yiming, Li Xinru, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 421-428.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.001 Abstract （316）      PDF （1296KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the accuracy differences between magnetic sequential guides, mortise-and-tenon sequence guides, and dental implant robots in full-arch implantation, and to provide a reference for clinical application. Methods Thirty standardized mandibular full-arch models were selected and equally divided into three groups according to the implantation methods. Preoperative CBCT scans was taken for implant planning, and the three groups used the same plan for implant placement. Deviation analysis was performed based postoperative CBCT scanning. Results The dental implant robot group demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by the magnetic sequential guide group, with the mortise-and-tenon sequential guide group showing the lowest accuracy. There was statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of total deviation at the entry point, total deviation at the apex, and total angular deviation (P<0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in the horizontal and depth deviations at the entry point and at the apex (P<0.05). Conclusion Both the dental implant robot and magnetic sequential guide technology can achieve high precision in full-arch implantation. Clinicians can choose the appropriate method according to the specific situation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digitally guided tunnel soft tissue augmentation combined with temporary restoration contouring for pink esthetic reconstruction in multiple anterior teeth: a case report Luo Lan, Wang Junlin, Chen Lin, Lai Xinru, Lin Jie, Zhou Ling, Zhao Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 525-531.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.003 Abstract （316）      PDF （1622KB）（553）       Knowledge map    Save The loss of multiple consecutive anterior teeth frequently results in horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge resorption accompanied by soft tissue collapse, presenting formidable challenges for implant rehabilitation. Achieving ideal "pink esthetics" in the anterior esthetic zone represents a significant clinical difficulty. This case report describes an orchestrated multistage protocol for managing a patient with multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth. The first-stage surgical procedure employed digitally guided implant placement in conjunction with guided bone regeneration (GBR) to restore labial bone volume. During the second-stage procedure, a tunnel technique combined with connective tissue grafting was implemented to augment soft tissue thickness and optimize tissue architecture. Subsequently, an implant-supported provisional restoration, fabricated from a nanoceramic resin composite material, was utilized for progressive emergence profile conditioning, thereby establishing a harmonious and voluminous peri-implant soft tissue morphology. This multistage coordinated implant treatment ultimately achieved natural contours and harmoniously blended color comparable to those of natural teeth, resulting in optimal pink-and-white esthetic outcomes. This integrated treatment paradigm combines surgical augmentation with provisional restoration-guided gingival contouring: the tunnel technique provides minimally invasive precision in enhancing soft tissue profile and dimensional thickness, while the nanoceramic resin composite demonstrates excellent stability and adjustability characteristics, facilitating gradual gingival architecture maturation. This clinical protocol establishes a predictable and reliable treatment strategy for complex soft tissue management in anterior esthetic zone cases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on the accuracy of different SmartX scanning strategies in full-arch implant prosthetic digital impressions Gu Yanyan, Wang Yuzhuo, Fu Yuanfei, Wang Jie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 574-579.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.010 Abstract （314）      PDF （1602KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the trueness of SmartX intraoral scanning (IOS) for full-arch digital implant impressions and to compare the impact of different scanning strategies on accuracy. Methods Scan bodies were arranged in two configurations (along-the-ridge and centripetal) on three all-on-6 maxillary models. SmartX IOS performed 60 scans (3 models × 2 strategies × 10 repetitions). Desktop scanner data served as a reference. IOS scans were compared against reference scans, assessing trueness and precision via distance/angular deviations between implant abutments and root mean square (RMS) errors. Results For along-the-ridge scans: distance deviation = 75.25 (45.35, 136.40) μm, angular deviation = 0.47°±0.22°, RMS = 88.05 (67.75, 99.88) μm. For centripetal scans: distance deviation = 113.90 (81.93,315.60) μm, angular deviation = 0.27°±0.18°, RMS = 93.75 (73.58, 98.85) μm. Mann-Whitney U and paired-samples t-tests indicated significant precision differences between strategies (P<0.05). Conclusion Both SmartX strategies produced clinically acceptable deviations below passive fit thresholds for full-arch digital impressions. Scanning strategy is one of the key factors affecting the impression precision of the system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CGF combined with hydraulic pressure technique in transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation Chen Kang, Zhao Lijuan, Sun Haipeng, Huang Yingying Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 356-362.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.005 Abstract （309）      PDF （1683KB）（829）       Knowledge map    Save Objective With the widespread application of digital technology and advancements in implant materials, our team utilized concentrated growth factors (CGF) combined with the osteotome condensing and hydraulic pressure elevation technique to modify the surgical protocol for simultaneous implant placement during maxillary sinus floor elevation. This approach significantly increased the success rate of sinus augmentation, achieving greater elevation heights while reducing the risk of Schneiderian membrane perforation. Methods This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 30 patients with single-tooth loss in the posterior maxilla treated at Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital between May 2023 and August 2024. All patients underwent sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement using osteotome condensing combined with hydraulic pressure elevation. The Schneiderian membrane thickness and the achieved elevation height at the implant sites were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Data showed no significant difference in Schneiderian membrane thickness before and after the procedure, while the mean elevation height was 7.6 mm (P<0.001). Conclusion With the aid of a digital surgical guide, the combined use of osteotome condensing and hydraulic pressure elevation transforms a procedure previously performed blindly into a precisely controlled surgical technique. This method enables effective and safe separation and elevation of the Schneiderian membrane without damage while allowing for simultaneous placement of bone substitute material and dental implants. The modified protocol demonstrates a high success rate and significant clinical effectiveness and can be standardized to facilitate broader clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on surface quality and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant abutments by magnetic abrasive finishing Xiong Lang, Su Hanqi, Hao Junjiang, Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 566-573.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.009 Abstract （302）      PDF （1751KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study investigates the effects of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) technology on the surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy dental implant abutments. It aims to clarify the role of different magnetic needle diameters in optimizing surface properties and provide a basis for clinical surface treatment processes. Methods Ti-6Al-4V alloy cylindrical specimens were divided into five groups: an untreated control group (control) and MAF-treated groups with magnetic needle diameters of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm (MAF0.2, MAF0.5, MAF1.0, and MAF1.5). MAF treatment was performed by changing only the magnetic needle diameter while keeping the other processing parameters constant. Surface morphology changes were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness was measured using an optical surface roughness meter, hydrophilicity was assessed using a contact angle measuring instrument, and electrochemical polarization testing was used to analyze the corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), and polarization resistance (Rp) of each group of samples in artificial saliva. Results MAF treatment effectively removed original processing marks, reduced surface roughness, and improved hydrophilicity, with statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.05). In the MAF1.0 group (magnetic needle diameter 1.0 mm, magnetic needle length 5.0 mm, magnetic pole rotation speed 40 Hz, grinding time 60 min), Ra decreased to(0.197 ± 0.022) μm, contact angle decreased to 78.03° ± 1.59°, Ecorr increased to -0.5661 V,icorr decreased to 0.0114 μA·cm-2, and Rp increased to 8.97×106 Ω·cm2, all outperforming other treatment groups and the control group, demonstrating the best overall performance. Conclusion MAF technology can significantly improve the surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant abutments. Magnetic needle treatment with a diameter of 1.0 mm is most effective in improving surface performance, providing an experimental basis for subsequent clinical evaluation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the influence of implant placement depth on peri-implant tissues Chen Li, Zhou Wenjuan, Liu Zhonghao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 393-398.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.011 Abstract （294）      PDF （1313KB）（553）       Knowledge map    Save Maintaining the stability of marginal bone levels and soft tissue around dental implants is essential for the long-term success of implant therapy. The relative position of the implant platform to the crest of the alveolar ridge plays an important role in marginal bone resorption and soft tissue attachment. Currently, the optimal implant placement depth is still controversial. This article intends to review the effects of different implant placement depths on crestal bone levels and soft tissue height. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vertical bone augmentation using GBR combined with transalveolar sinus floor elevation: a case report Yu Fei, Wei Shibo, Zhang Xu, Guo Shuigen, Wei Hongwu, Huang Jiangqin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 495-501.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.010 Abstract （291）      PDF （1882KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save In cases of severe alveolar ridge resorption with concavity in the posterior maxilla, complex bone augmentation followed by delayed implant placement is often required. This article reports a case of vertical bone augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) combined with transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE). Three-dimensional digital analysis was performed to evaluate preoperative and 6-month postoperative imaging data. The results showed that the bone height increased from less than 1 mm preoperatively to 9.67 mm postoperatively, including a 4.41 mm increase in sinus height and a 5.26 mm increase at the alveolar crest. The grafted bone volume reached 934.22 mm³, approximately 3.4 times the original volume. This suggests that GBR combined with TSFE can achieve ideal vertical bone augmentation results and reduce treatment duration. This paper aims to provide clinical insight into bone augmentation strategies for complex posterior maxillary defects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the tenting screw technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar ridge defects (a report of 11 cases) Zheng Jiabao, Gao Wenmo, Chen Ming Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 464-471.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.006 Abstract （284）      PDF （1847KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the tenting screw technique in the treatment of severe bone defects. Methods A total of 11 patients with severe bone defects, involving 19 graft sites, were included between January 2021 to December 2023. The tenting screw technique was used for bone augmentation, and dental implants were placed 6 months after the procedure. Bone augmentation outcomes and complications were recorded and evaluated. Results The average horizontal bone width increased by (3.12±0.30) mm, while the average vertical bone height increased by (1.29±0.50) mm. Exposure of tenting screws occurred at 4 grafted sites (in 2 patients), but no signs of infection were observed in the grafted areas. Conclusion The tenting screw technique aligns with the “central support” concept, wherein a tenting screw is positioned centrally within the defect to provide support and maintain the osteogenic space. This method effectively enhances horizontal bone width, though its efficacy in vertical bone augmentation remains controversial and requires further investigation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D printing individualized titanium mesh combined with guided bone regeneration for severe bone defect in the anterior esthetic zone: a case report Liao Jun, Li Tao, Long Hui, Lei Rongchang, Gao Changle Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 488-494.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.009 Abstract （281）      PDF （1731KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save This report presents a case of 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) applied in digital implant restoration of severe bone defects in the anterior esthetic zone. The patient suffered from continuous loss of natural teeth and severe bone defects in the anterior esthetic zone due to trauma, which seriously affected appearance and function. The 3D-PITM combined with GBR surgery was performed for bone augmentation, and the implant was placed with the assistance of a CAD/CAM implant surgical guide and subsequently restored. Six months after 3D-PITM combined with GBR, the bone width at site 11 increased from 3.72 mm preoperatively to 7.31 mm, and the bone height increased from 14.11 mm preoperatively to 15.97 mm; the bone width at site 21 increased from 3.58 mm preoperatively to 7.41 mm, and the bone height increased from 11.97 mm preoperatively to 15.59 mm. The expected bone augmentation effect was obtained. The alveolar bone contour was reconstructed, and sufficient bone volume was provided for “prosthetic-driven” precise implant placement. Osteogenesis was stable during postoperative follow-up, and there was no obvious marginal bone resorption. The pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and patient satisfaction visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated immediately after crown delivery, at 6 months, and at 12 months. The results showed that the esthetic outcome was good and stable, with significant improvement in anterior esthetics and function. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital surgical guide-assisted immediate implant placement combined with the socket-shield technique in the anterior esthetic zone: a case report Liu Mengqi, Xiao Weiwei, Bu Xiaoling, Gong Lingling, Feng Bo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 599-603.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.014 Abstract （276）      PDF （1516KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save This article reports a case of immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone of the anterior maxilla using a digital surgical guide combined with the socket-shield technique. The anterior esthetic region demands high precision in implant positioning, as minor deviations may lead to esthetic complications. The digital guide enables prosthetically driven implant placement through precise control of the insertion position. Meanwhile, to address the collapse of the buccal bundle bone following tooth extraction, the socket-shield technique preserves the facial root fragment to maintain the blood supply to the periodontal ligament-bundle bone complex, thereby maximizing the preservation of the alveolar bone contour and gingival esthetics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current applications of dental implant robots in immediate implantation Wang Zi'an, Zhang Xudong, Hu Ke, Li Yuhui, Li Yaohan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 509-516.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.012 Abstract （272）      PDF （1244KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save This review summarizes the current applications and future prospects of dental implant robots in immediate implantation, with the aim of supporting further clinical research in this field. It begins by outlining the challenges of immediate implantation and introducing the working principles and classifications of implant robots. The review then details the current status of their application in immediate implantation, including clinical outcomes, advantages, and indications for complex cases. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges associated with this technology, such as technical limitations, costs, and the need for specialized training. Finally, it explores the future prospects of implant robots in immediate implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preface to the special topic: soft tissue augmentation and dental implantation Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 517-518.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.001 Abstract （270）      PDF （1248KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of digital modular surgical guide in implant rehabilitation of an edentulous patient: a case report Hu Yuping, Jiao Xin, Tian Hongjuan, Luo Haixia, Cheng Yuqi, Ge Zhenlin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 594-598.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.013 Abstract （264）      PDF （1943KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save The application of static surgical guides significantly enhances the accuracy and predictability of implant surgery in edentulous jaws. However, when monolithic guides are used in complex bone reduction procedures, osteotomy and implant placement often need to be performed in separate stages, leading to suboptimal treatment efficiency. This article reports a case of full-arch implant rehabilitation in a completely edentulous patient. A fully digital modular surgical guide was utilized for the mandible. Its modular design allowed for staged intraoperative assembly and use, enabling integrated guidance for both bone reduction and implant placement. Additionally, based on the digitally planned pick-up technique, the temporary prosthesis was designed and fabricated preoperatively, followed by immediate loading after surgery. The definitive prosthesis was delivered six months later using a digital impression. A three-year follow-up showed favorable implant osseointegration, stable restorative outcomes, and high patient satisfaction both functionally and esthetically. This digital modular guide protocol effectively improved the efficiency and clinical outcomes of complex edentulous jaw rehabilitation and may serve as a reference for the management of similar cases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Materials and surgical procedures for keratinized tissue augmentation at implant sites Wan Peng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 541-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.006 Abstract （259）      PDF （1666KB）（891）       Knowledge map    Save The clinical significance of peri-implant keratinized tissue (KT) has long been a matter of debate. Some studies indicate that the absence of peri-implant KT is not significantly associated with plaque control, peri-implant health status, or marginal bone loss. However, an increasing number of investigations have demonstrated that KT deficiency can promote plaque accumulation, leading to bleeding on probing (BOP), increased probing depth, mucosal recession, and even marginal bone loss. The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions concluded that no consensus has yet been reached regarding the minimum width of KT required to maintain peri-implant health and prevent peri-implant diseases. In recent years, a growing body of implant-specific evidence has highlighted the critical role of KT in the long-term stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Currently, commonly used clinical approaches for peri-implant KT augmentation include a standalone apically repositioned flap (APF), APF combined with an autologous free gingival graft (FGG), and APF combined with a xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM). Among these, FGG is regarded as the gold standard for peri-implant KT augmentation because of its predictable outcomes; however, it requires a second surgical site and is associated with a relatively high risk of complications. Consequently, alternative substitute materials have been actively explored in an attempt to reduce patient morbidity while maintaining clinical efficacy. This article systematically reviews the key surgical steps, clinical outcomes, and indications of the main techniques used for peri-implant KT augmentation, providing both evidence-based and experience-based guidance for clinical decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on the release of osteogenic and inflammatory factors in advanced platelet-rich fibrin between diabetic and healthy populations Nong Yingjiao, Li Yongwei, Lu Chan, Deng Hanlin, Tang Jiaqin, Li Shujie, Liang Lihua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 370-376.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.007 Abstract （259）      PDF （1565KB）（759）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the release kinetics of key osteogenic growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy populations. Methods Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned to either the DM group (n=8) or the healthy control group (n=8). Venous blood was centrifuged to prepare A-PRF membranes, and eluates were collected at 15 min, 60 min, 8 h, 1 d, 3 d, 10 d, 14 d, and 21 d post-incubation. The concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed comparatively. Results (1) Cumulative PDGF-BB release from A-PRF in the DM group was consistently lower than that in healthy controls, with statistically significant differences observed from 15 min onward (P<0.01). (2) VEGF release from A-PRF was significantly reduced in the DM group from day 1 to day 21 compared to controls (P<0.01). (3) No statistically significant difference in cumulative EGF release was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). (4) Cumulative TGF-β release from A-PRF was significantly lower in the DM group from day 1 onward (P<0.05). (5) TNF-α release from A-PRF was significantly higher in the DM group than in healthy controls from 8 h onward (P<0.05). (6) No statistically significant difference in cumulative IL-6 release was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared to healthy individuals, DM patients exhibited significantly lower cumulative release of osteogenic growth factors (PDGF-BB, VEGF, TGF-β) from A-PRF and elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. No significant differences were observed in EGF and IL-6 release. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the dual-zone therapeutic technique in flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration in the aesthetic zone: a 7-year follow-up case report Zhang Jia, Sun Xianyin, Yang Yundong, Xiao Huijuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 377-383.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.008 Abstract （253）      PDF （1799KB）（1019）       Knowledge map    Save This case report evaluates the clinical outcomes of the dual-zone therapeutic technique in flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration in the maxillary anterior aesthetic zone. A 47-year-old female patient presented with an irreparable crown-root fracture of the upper right central incisor caused by trauma. Following minimally invasive tooth extraction, flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration were performed using the dual-zone therapeutic technique. A personalized impression was taken 7 months postoperatively, and a screw-retained zirconia crown was delivered. Over a 7-year follow-up, the aesthetic outcome remained stable, and the patient reported high satisfaction. CBCT and standardized periapical radiographs taken with the paralleling technique showed a stable marginal bone level and sufficient labial bone thickness. Digital intraoral scans confirmed well-maintained labial contour without significant collapse or resorption. This case suggests that, with strict case selection and standardized protocols, the dual-zone therapeutic technique can achieve long-term stability and favorable aesthetic outcomes in cases of flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aesthetic outcomes of immediate implant restoration in the maxillary anterior region and its impact on bone volume and periodontal tissue health Liu Qing, Lin Yong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 587-593.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.012 Abstract （251）      PDF （1378KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the aesthetic outcomes of immediate implant restoration in the maxillary anterior region and the impact on bone volume and periodontal tissue health. Methods This study adopted a prospective cohort study design. Patients who presented to the Department of Stomatology of Puyang Oilfield General Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025 with severe maxillary anterior tooth defects and who were scheduled for extraction followed by implant restoration were included in this study. Based on the patients' wishes, personal conditions, and clinical evaluation, the final treatment plan was determined. The patients were divided into two groups: those who received immediate implant restoration were included in the immediate implantation group (n=55), and those who received delayed implant restoration after tooth extraction site preservation were included in the delayed implantation group (n=55). The alveolar bone resorption indicators, aesthetic indicators, patient subjective satisfaction, periodontal tissue health, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Six months after immediate restoration, the bone resorption in the immediate implantation group was lower than that in the delayed implantation group (P<0.05); six months after permanent restoration, there was no statistically significant difference in bone resorption between the two groups (P>0.05). Six months after immediate restoration, the pink esthetic score (PES) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the immediate implantation group were higher than those of the delayed implantation group (P<0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, the immediate implantation group had a lower probing depth (PD) but a higher modified sulcus bleeding index (mBI) than the delayed implantation group (P<0.05). At 3 months post-surgery and 6 months after permanent restoration, PD improved significantly in both groups compared with their 1-month values (P<0.05), with the immediate implantation group maintaining lower PD (P<0.05). No significant difference in mBI was observed between the two groups at 3 months post-surgery and 6 months after permanent restoration (P>0.05). The incidence of complications was lower in the immediate implantation group (P<0.05). Conclusion In anterior tooth restoration, both immediate implant placement and delayed implant placement can achieve ideal long-term aesthetic outcomes. Immediate implant placement effectively controls early alveolar bone resorption, better maintains peri-implant soft tissue stability, provides superior early aesthetic results and patient satisfaction, and significantly reduces the risk of postoperative adverse reactions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aesthetic considerations for keratinized tissue augmentation around dental implants:a case series Chen Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 532-535.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.004 Abstract （250）      PDF （1610KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Save The augmentation of keratinized tissue around implant restorations in the esthetic zone must balance both functional and esthetic requirements. Free gingival grafts (FGGs) can effectively increase the width of keratinized mucosa but carry certain esthetic risks. Different types of connective tissue grafts also exhibit variations in color and texture after healing, which directly affect the final esthetic outcome of the restoration. This article analyzes a representative case of keratinized tissue augmentation following bone augmentation for dental implants and, through a review of the relevant literature, systematically discusses the esthetic considerations of various keratinized mucosal augmentation techniques around implant restorations, providing a clinical reference for esthetic zone implant therapy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The use of plasmatrix in peri-implant keratinized mucosa augmentation Qiu Yun, Li Yongjun, Zhang Xiaoxin, Wang Yulan, Zeng Hao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 536-540.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.005 Abstract （246）      PDF （1471KB）（439）       Knowledge map    Save An adequate width of peri-implant keratinized mucosa is crucial for reducing plaque accumulation, decreasing the incidence of peri-implant mucositis, and maintaining long-term implant health. Although various materials are currently available to widen the peri-implant keratinized mucosa, autografts are associated with considerable surgical trauma, whereas artificial substitutes are often limited by high costs. Plasmatrix,a centrifuged autologous blood product rich in growth factors and scaffold-like structures, offers advantages such as excellent biocompatibility, minimal donor-site morbidity, abundant availability, and low cost. Its application for peri-implant keratinized mucosa augmentation may help overcome the limitations of existing materials. Based on current evidence, this article presents the preparation protocol for plasmatrix and clinical experiences with its use in peri-implant keratinized mucosa augmentation, thereby providing practical guidance for clinicians. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different initial biologic width on marginal bone loss in purely conical retained implants Xu Yehao, Ren Bihui, Dai Jieting, Guo Shuigen, Wei Hongwu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 440-448.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.003 Abstract （246）      PDF （1304KB）（525）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate whether there is a difference in the marginal bone loss (MBL) of purely conical retained implants with different initial biological widths (IBW). Methods Eighty-three patients with 122 implants (244 initial biological width sites mesial and distal aspects) who underwent implant restorations in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The initial biological widths were divided into four groups, A(1.24~3.56 mm), B(3.59~4.33 mm), C(4.36~5.21 mm), and D(5.23~8.53 mm), according to the different sizes, and the MBL was observed by taking imaging data at the the immediately post-surgery (T1), immediately post-prosthesis delivery (T2), and 3~5 year follow-up (T3), to explore whether the different initial biological widths of the purely taper-retained implant system would affect the peri-implant MBL. Results In the T1-T2 period, MBL was significantly lower in group A than in groups C and D (P<0.05), and in group B than in group D (P<0.05).In the T1-T3 period, MBL was significantly lower in group A than in group D (P<0.05).In the T2-T3 period, MBL was not statistically different among the four groups (P>0.05). In the comparison of mucosal thickness subgroups, there was no significant difference in MBL between thin and thick gingival sites in groups A and B (P>0.05), in group C, thin gingival sites showed more bone loss in the T1-T2 and T1-T3 periods compared to thick gingival group (P<0.05), and thin gingival group sites showed more bone loss in the T1-T2 period compared to thick gingival group in group D (P<0.05). Conclusion More marginal bone loss was observed at sites with larger IBW (≥4.36 mm) after implant placement to the stage of completion of prosthetic restoration, and the IBW of the simple taper-retained implant system has no significant effect on the MBL after functional loading; in the bone remodeling stage, the thicker gingival biotypes can inhibit the MBL to a certain extent compared with the thinner gingival biotypes; we recommend implanting purely conical retained implants to a subosseous depth of ≥2 mm in order to avoid early exposure of implant threads. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical research progress on transcrestal sinus floor elevation in maxillary sinuses with an inclined sinus floor Liu Lupeng, Xiao Huijuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 604-609.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.015 Abstract （228）      PDF （1292KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) is the most commonly used technique to manage insufficient vertical bone height in the posterior maxilla. Surgical approaches include transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) and lateral window sinus floor elevation (LSFE). The choice of procedure is influenced by various anatomical and clinical factors. This article reviews current clinical evidence and techniques related to TSFE in maxillary sinuses with an inclined sinus floor. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of factors influencing patients' willingness to use national collection of implants based on structural equation modeling Li Yueyan, Li Li, Jiao Mingxiu, Bao Xianjing Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 481-487.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.008 Abstract （226）      PDF （1291KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore factors influencing patients’ willingness to choose nationally centralized procurement dental implants, improve their acceptance of such implants, and reduce the economic burden of oral implant treatment. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 696 implant patients treated at a tertiary Class A specialized dental hospital in Yantai City (valid response rate: 90.86%). Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed with six dimensions: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, willingness to use, and actual behavior. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the pathways through which these factors influenced patients’ willingness to use implants under the national centralized procurement program. Results The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity (Cronbach’s α=0.774, KMO=0.790, cumulative variance explained=70.52%), and the structural equation model demonstrated good fit (CMIN/DF=3.414, RMSEA=0.059, IFI=0.939, CFI=0.939, TLI=0.925). Path analysis revealed that attitude (direct effect = 0.15, P<0.05) and subjective norm (direct effect = 0.80, P<0.05) had direct positive effects on willingness to use. Willingness to use (direct effect = 0.60, P<0.05) and perceived risk (direct effect = 0.17, P<0.05) directly influence actual behavior; perceived behavioral norms had no significant effect on intention to use (P>0.05). Among subjective norm indicators, Tfriend recommendation” showed the highest factor loading (1.88), exerting the strongest impact on patient decision-making. Conclusion To encourage patients’ adoption of nationally centralized procurement implant systems, it is essential to ensure product quality, minimize adverse events, enhance clinicians’ understanding of different implant systems, strengthen the role of clinician recommendations, and improve publicity and patient education regarding procured implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective study on collagen sponge repair of sinus membrane perforation during transcrestal sinus floor elevation Li Runxu, Deng Lei, Huang Haitao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (5): 472-480.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.10.007 Abstract （212）      PDF （1724KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy of collagen sponges in repairing maxillary sinus membrane perforations in transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE). Methods A total of 30 patients (42 implants) who underwent TSFE in the Department of Stomatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from September 2019 to September 2024 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Based on the occurrence of intraoperative perforation, the patients were divided into a perforation group (n=13) and a non-perforation group (n=29). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained and analyzed at baseline, immediately after surgery, and 6 months postoperatively to assess new bone height (NBH) and new bone height / implant protrusion length ratio(NBH/IPL). Results The perforation rate was 30.95%. Both groups achieved 100% implant retention at 6 months with no maxillary sinus infection observed. The perforation group exhibited a mean NBH of (2.22±0.61) mm and an NBH/IPL of 58.33% (42.08%, 84.58%), both significantly lower than those of the non-perforation group (P<0.05). Type A and C perforation groups showed no statistically significant difference in bone formation compared to the non-perforation group (P>0.05), while the Type B perforation group exhibited significantly reduced bone formation (P<0.05). Conclusion Collagen sponges can partially seal TSFE sinus membrane perforations and maintain baseline bone formation, but such perforations still reduce bone formation volume. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics