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Influence factors of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation Zhao Yang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 289-294.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.016 Abstract （2497）      PDF （1348KB）（1979）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation is a common surgical method to solve the problem of insufficient bone mass in the posterior maxillary region. Based on the special background of maxillary sinus bone augmentation, we explore the principles of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation results from the mechanism of osteogenesis, which can be considered from four aspects: bone contact area, angiogenesis, stability of space, and safe healing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent advances in the factors affecting the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-implantitis Yan Fuhua, Song Shiyuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 402-409.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.003 Abstract （1824）      PDF （1334KB）（4424）       Knowledge map    Save Oral implant therapy is one of the most common methods for restoring defective and missing dentition. Peri-implantitis is a prevalent biological complication of implant therapy, characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. The occurrence of peri-implantitis can impact the prognosis of implant restorations or even lead to implant failure, significantly affecting the patient's health and quality of life. Therefore, reducing the risk factors of peri-implantitis, timely diagnosis and effective treatments are of great importance to enhance the prognosis of implant therapy. This review describes the factors influencing the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, the current diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic methods. Furthermore, it discusses emerging treatment modalities with potential clinical applications and reviews ongoing research progress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical retrospective study of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) and onlay bone grafting in reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects Su Yadi, Zou Jiejuan, Wang Chao, Huang Yuanding Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 169-177.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.012 Abstract （988）      PDF （1679KB）（486）       Knowledge map    Save Objective A clinical retrospective study was proposed to compare the bone augmentation effect of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) with onlay block autogenous bone grafting in the reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects. Methods This study included 39 patients with alveolar bone defects who attended the Implant Department of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2018 to January 2022. According to bone grafting methods, they were divided into 3D-PITM+GBR group (19 patients) and Onlay group (20 patients). Preoperatively, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were imported into Mimics Research and 3-Matic Software for 3D reconstruction and digital design. 3D-PITM was fabricated by CAD/ selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Intraoperatively, bone augmentation surgery was completed with fixed 3D-PITM or autologous bone block. CBCT imaging data were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6~9 months postoperatively and after implant placement. Based on the digital radiographic data, the gained bone height on the implant axis and the gained bone width at 0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm under the implant platform were measured. Results The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher vertical bone increments [2.68 mm (0.45,4.23), 2.27 mm (0.49,3.27)] than onlay group [1.60 mm (0.33,1.62), 1.74 mm (0.53,1.60)] before/after bone grafting and before/after implant placement respectively. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the alveolar ridge before and after bone grafting [(1.97±0.97) mm, (2.59±1.22) mm, (2.94±1.50) mm)] than that of onlay group [(1.06±0.99) mm, (1.45±1.25) mm, (2.32± 1.23) mm]. In the 3D-PITM+GBR group, the mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the implant platform before and after implantation [(2.34±1.09) mm, (2.53±1.48) mm, (2.85±2.20) mm)] were lower than those of onlay group [(2.51±1.34) mm, (3.04±1.73) mm, (3.38±1.94) mm]. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher osteogenesis rates in both horizontal and vertical directions (66.8%, 68.8%) than the Onlay group (64.6%, 62.6%).3D-PITM for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects was able to significantly increase the height and width of alveolar bone reconstruction compared with onlay block autogenous bone grafting, but the implant exposure rate (21%) was still higher than that of the onlay group (5%). Conclusion 3D-PITM+GBR technique can be used instead of block autogenous bone grafting for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects, obtaining ideal bone augmentation results and stable bone contours, but titanium mesh exposure is still a common complication in its application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 95-100.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.001 Abstract （946）      PDF （1401KB）（1615）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, the clinical application of titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration (TMs-GBR), especially using 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM), is increasing, serving as a reliable solution for bone augmentation in various cases of bone defects, particularly complex ones encountered during implant surgery. Given the technical sensitivity of TMs-GBR and the higher risk of complications such as titanium mesh exposure, as well as the current lack of relevant guidelines or international consensus, the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology organized discussions among relevant experts and drafted this consensus, aiming to provide clinical reference for practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of customized additive manufactured titanium mesh in bone augmentation for oral implantation Wang Lingxu, Wang Fangfang, Wang Penglai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 364-370.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.012 Abstract （921）      PDF （1348KB）（1005）       Knowledge map    Save Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a popular method for bone augmentation in oral implant restoration. Titanium mesh has become increasingly prevalent due to its excellent mechanical properties and support fixation. However, traditional prefabricated titanium mesh has limitations, such as poor fitting with the alveolar bone shape, which can result in complications such as wound tearing, mucosal damage, and titanium mesh exposure. Additive manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing, allows for the customization of customized titanium mesh with varying shapes, thicknesses, and porosity. This customized approach not only upholds the excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of traditional titanium meshes but also achieves high-precision bone grafting through meticulous preoperative design and digital virtual reconstruction. Such an approach not only streamlines the surgical procedure and shortens surgery time, but also simplifies the surgeon’s operations and reduces trauma to patients. However, in clinical application, even though postoperative complications have decreased, issues such as the exposure of the titanium mesh persist and require careful attention. Despite the considerable clinical potential of titanium mesh from customized manufacturing, in-depth subsequent research is crucial to enhance its effectiveness. This article provides an overview of the current clinical application and research status of customized additive manufactured titanium mesh. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants Chen Jiang, Qiu Yubei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 252-257.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.010 Abstract （791）      PDF （1333KB）（647）       Knowledge map    Save Insufficient alveolar bone mass at the implant site is an important factor affecting the outcome of dental implants. Bone augmentation is an effective strategy to solve this problem. The application of digital technology provides a new approach for bone augmentation in oral implantology. This article presents the application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant treatment for patients with congenital tooth agenesis Wu Yiqun, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 204-211.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.003 Abstract （744）      PDF （2552KB）（583）       Knowledge map    Save Congenital tooth agenesis primarily manifests as an insufficient number of teeth, hypoplasia of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes, and maxillofacial dysplasia, all of which can result in oral or systemic dysfunction. Congenital tooth agenesis is harmful, and its treatment is challenging. Dental implants are an ideal option to restore missing teeth in these patients due to their good stability and comfort. This article aims to analyze the challenges associated with dental implants in the treatment of congenital tooth agenesis and propose strategies for the reconstruction of oral function in patients with congenital tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis Xu Shulan, Zhu Yuanxi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 394-401.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.002 Abstract （742）      PDF （1706KB）（3854）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a common biological complication of dental implant treatment, and it is one of the significant causes of implant failure as well. The treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis present two major problems for implantologists in clinical practice. Evidence-based treatment decision-making and accurate prognosis assessment could help doctors propose appropriate treatment approaches and guide patients to conduct oral self-care and systemic factors control according to their own conditions, aiming for more a streamlined treatment process and better clinical outcomes. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis, discusses its research progress and clinical recommendations, and puts forth suggestions for further research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and histologic evaluation of autogenous dentin blocks for alveolar ridge augmentation Gao Ming, Niu Lixuan, Zhu Yibo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 435-439.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.007 Abstract （706）      PDF （1765KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save Severe bone defects in the alveolar ridge of edentulous areas pose significant challenges for prosthetically-driven implant placement. Although there are currently several reliable techniques for alveolar ridge augmentation, they present certain limitations, such as high technical sensitivity, significant trauma, prolonged treatment periods, and high costs. The patient in this case presented with multiple missing teeth in both the upper and lower jaws, with a severe horizontal bone defect in the left lower posterior area. Autogenous dentin block augmentation was performed using her wisdom tooth. Two and a half years postoperatively, satisfactory alveolar bone width was achieved, allowing for the placement of a 5 mm diameter implant in dense alveolar bone with good primary stability. Intraoperative histological analysis of tissue specimens showed no abnormalities. One year after the final restoration, marginal bone stability was maintained. In this case, the application of autogenous dentin blocks for alveolar ridge augmentation effectively reconstructed the width of the alveolar ridge, with stable clinical outcomes observed nearly 4 years postoperatively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cyst or cyst-like lesions Chinese Society of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 195-201.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.001 Abstract （697）      PDF （1090KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Sinus floor elevation is a predictable rehabilitation method commonly used to address bone deficiency in the maxillary posterior area. However, the presence of maxillary sinus cysts often presents a challenge for sinus floor elevation. At present, there is still a lack of guidelines or consensus on sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cyst. The purpose of this consensus is to provide clinicians with practical and feasible measures for sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus cysts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of osteoporosis on dental implantation and related clinical considerations Qiu Yun, Wang Yulan, Zhang Yufeng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 336-341.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.007 Abstract （682）      PDF （1397KB）（773）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of dental technology, dental implants are gradually becoming the primary choice for restoring missing teeth. The quality and quantity of the alveolar bone are key to the success of implant surgery and the long-term retention of the implants. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and a reduction in bone density, affecting bones throughout the body, including the alveolar bone. Therefore, its characteristic oral manifestations can be indicative of an early diagnosis of osteoporosis. At the same time, the changes in bone density and bone structure in osteoporosis patients necessitate awareness of the treatment risks during implantation and modification of the treatment plan to improve the success rate of implant treatment. This article reviews the oral manifestations of osteoporosis, the risks of implant treatment, and the consideration for implant treatment through a literature review. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a new Tent-Peg technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects Wang Mohan, Hu Yinghan, Wu Jing, Zou Duohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.011 Abstract （652）      PDF （1768KB）（676）       Knowledge map    Save Adequate bone volume is crucial for the successful placement and long-term stability of dental implants. Therefore, the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects hold significant clinical importance. With the development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, various GBR approaches have been applied in clinical practice to address alveolar bone defects. Based on the concept of "stability-centered" alveolar bone reconstruction, we developed a series of Tent-Peg medical products and established a new Tent-Peg technique. This technique enables the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects without the need for autologous bone, providing a novel solution for both the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. This innovative method has been successfully validated in clinical practice, and its appeal lies in its "three lows" (low technical sensitivity, low failure rate, and low cost) and "three easies" (easy to operate, promote, and popularize). To enhance clinicians' understanding of this innovative technique, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Tent-Peg medical product series and highlights the advantages of the new Tent-Peg technique, supported by clinical case demonstrations. This overview aims to promote the standardized application of this technique in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical outcomes of 3D printing individualized titanium mesh for severe alveolar bone defects: a retrospective series Xiong Zhenjie, Wei Yongxiang, Liu Qian, Chen Yaxin, Guo Xueqi, Ji Ruotong, Su Hanfu, Zou Yaokun, Wang Liping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 27-34.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.006 Abstract （626）      PDF （1959KB）（306）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes and accuracy of 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) in the treatment of severe alveolar bone defects. Methods This study involved 30 patients who underwent 3D-PITM supported guided bone regeneration (3D-PITMs GBR) at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University starting in February 2020. All patients signed informed consent and underwent surgery followed by regular postoperative follow-up. Individualized titanium meshes were fabricated using 3D printing technology, with preoperative virtual design and planning. Patients were followed for 6 to 8 months postoperatively, and clinical outcomes, as well as two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging data, were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 30 patients, 4 experienced titanium mesh exposure, yielding an incidence rate of 13.33% (95% CI: 4.30%~22.36%). However, none of the patients experienced postoperative infections. During the 6-to 8-month follow-up period, implant sites achieved satisfactory bone augmentation in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Imaging measurements revealed significant increases in alveolar bone width and height at 6 to 8 months postoperatively compared to preoperative values ( P<0.05). Postoperative bone augmentation volume also demonstrated significant improvement ( P<0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in alveolar bone changes between preoperative virtual planning and postoperative measurements (immediate and at 6 to 8 months) , indicating that 3D-PITM provides predictable bone augmentation outcomes. Conclusion 3D printing individualized titanium mesh effectively supports bone regeneration, achieves a high degree of matching with the defect site, and ensures the stability and effectiveness of newly formed bone. The 3D-PITM technique demonstrates high precision in restoring severe alveolar bone defects. Although complications such as titanium mesh exposure may occur, appropriate management can prevent the adverse impact on subsequent restoration outcomes. 3D-PITM is clinically valuable for restoring complex alveolar bone defects, providing reliable postoperative predictions and optimizing surgical planning. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risks and countermeasures of dental implant treatment in osteoporosis patients Liu Zhonghao, Dong Kai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 303-310.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.003 Abstract （591）      PDF （1557KB）（648）       Knowledge map    Save Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease with the main characteristic of reduction of bone density and low bone mass. With the increasing age of the population, the incidence of OP increases year by year. Replacement of missing teeth with dental implants is one of the most common treatment options with a high success rate. However, in patients with OP, deterioration of bone tissue may lead to an increased risk of implant failure. Although OP is not a contraindication for implant therapy, clinicians should still pay great attention to associated risk factors. This article discusses the alveolar bone modeling and remodeling, the success rates of dental implants, the influence of anti-osteoporosis drugs, and the strategy of dental implant treatment in OP patients for clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on metal-organic frameworks in dental medicine Li Jian, Liang Ye, Zhao Baodong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 602-609.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.025 Abstract （589）      PDF （1601KB）（961）       Knowledge map    Save Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials synthesized through the self-assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands. They are characterized by their highly ordered porosity, tunable pore size, large specific surface area, and diverse structures. With the advancements and applications of MOFs in the biomedical field, an increasing number of researchers have introduced MOFs into dental medicine for research. New MOFs have been tailored or developed based on the characteristics of the oral environment and diseases for use in oral disease treatment. The most commonly used MOFs in dentistry primarily include zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). The structure and function of MOFs are suitable for treating oral diseases, and they have shown promising results in researches related to periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial tumors, dental pulp disease, and dental implants. However, their effectiveness still requires further validation through clinical trials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status of transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants Xia Haibin, Xu Junyi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 109-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.004 Abstract （587）      PDF （1604KB）（823）       Knowledge map    Save When the residual bone height is insufficient in the maxillary posterior region, the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement is less invasive, resulting in milder postoperative reactions and shorter treatment periods compared to the lateral window technique. However, due to the limited surgical vision and elevation technique, the transalveolar technique is susceptible to mucoperiosteal perforation or compromised osteogenesis and is therefore traditionally considered suitable only for cases where the residual bone height is mildly inadequate. With modifications to surgical instruments, improvements in clinical skills, and the assistance of digital technology, researchers have gained new insights into the indications and surgical protocols for transalveolar sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants. This paper presents an overview of the current basic and clinical research status of the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation by reviewing recent literature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and progress of clinical application of oral occlusion Chen Jiang, He Kaixun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 3-8.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.002 Abstract （587）      PDF （1322KB）（947）       Knowledge map    Save Oral occlusion involves tooth position, temporomandibular joint movement, and muscle function. Normal oral occlusion is crucial for chewing, pronunciation, facial expressions, and other functions. Malocclusion can cause a series of complications, including pain in the temporomandibular joint and chipping of restorations. Therefore, the importance of oral occlusion in the field of oral medicine has become increasingly prominent. Through in-depth research on oral occlusion, dentists can better diagnose and treat occlusion-related problems and improve treatment effects and patients' quality of life. This article intends to introduce the current status and future directions of oral occlusion research and guide the application and development of implant occlusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inflammatory modulation and applications of biomaterials in oral bone regeneration Zhang Yufeng, Wang Yulan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 304-309.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.002 Abstract （583）      PDF （1284KB）（658）       Knowledge map    Save Significant progress has been made in the field of oral bone regeneration, with growing recognition of the pivotal role played by inflammation regulation. Temporal and contextual regulation of inflammation is essential for achieving successful bone repair. In the context of oral bone regeneration, biomaterials are employed as scaffolds/bone grafts to promote bone tissue formation in defect areas. The intrinsic properties of biomaterials may impact the inflammatory process and its regulation. Additionally, biomaterials can serve as carriers for immuno-modulatory drugs, further influencing bone regeneration. A comprehensive understanding of how biomaterials modulate inflammatory responses holds the potential to accelerate the development of novel bone regeneration materials. This review provides an overview of the current status of research on biomaterials in the context of oral bone regeneration and inflammation response, summarizing the laboratory advancements. The aim is to provide clinicians and researchers with a theoretical foundation for the selection and development of regenerative materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in bone regenerative materials for implant dentistry Li Xin, Liu Kaizheng, Wu Shiyu, Liu Yuanxiang, Huang Baoxin, Qiao Wei, Pan Haobo, Chen Zhuofan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 371-377.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.013 Abstract （580）      PDF （1414KB）（1054）       Knowledge map    Save There has been an increasing number of cases involving bone regeneration in oral clinical treatments, and the requirements for related biomaterials are simultaneously getting higher. This review aims to summarize the research status of bone regeneration materials in the field of implant dentistry. First, specific characteristics of oral bone regeneration applications are introduced. Next, the biochemical and physical properties that affect the performance of materials are discussed, followed by some of the key issues in the field. Finally, an outlook on future research directions is provided to promote the development of next-generation oral bone regeneration materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Gao Tingting, Bao Yongjie, Lv Xiaoyan, Chen Xian, Liu Yang, Xu Yilei, Lu Huanyou Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 492-497.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.016 Abstract （572）      PDF （1310KB）（708）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may be induced during the treatment of oral diseases in patients receiving anti-resorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, as well as angiogenesis inhibitors. However, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unclear, and although numerous studies have established clinical treatment databases, definitive treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Through a review of the literature, this study discusses the definition, etiology, staging, risk factors, treatment and prevention of MRONJ, providing a reference for clinical practice in oral healthcare. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of digitally assisted immediate implant placement through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area Zhao Ning, Li Xiaojie, Kou Ni, Ma Guowu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 266-271.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.012 Abstract （555）      PDF （2405KB）（732）       Knowledge map    Save This paper presents a case of digitally assisted immediate implantation through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area. The patient had a root fracture caused by an upper anterior teeth trauma. One impacted canine and two impacted supernumerary teeth were found in the bone on the root side of the affected teeth. During treatment, under the guidance of the digital surgical guide plate and assistance by Er : YAG laser, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth was achieved. At the same time, autologous bone grafting material and platelet-rich fibrin were mixed for bone grafting at the two implant sites. Provisional and permanent restorations were completed with digital technology at 5 months and 8 months after the first stage of surgery, respectively. Postoperative CBCT showed that the implants penetrated through the crown, apical cementum, dentin, and pulp of the impacted teeth. No pain or other complications were found during the follow-up visit. There were no clinical symptoms at the 18-month follow-up visit. CBCT images showed that the bone density around the implants had increased and the lamina dura had formed. In this case, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth in the aesthetic area was realized with the digital assistance, providing a new clinical idea for the selection of treatment options for impacted teeth and increased clinical data for other healing forms of implants besides osseointegration. However, the clinical effect of this kind of operation still needs long-term follow-up observation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on maxillary sinus floor elevation: maxillary sinus septum Chinese Society of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 103-108.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.003 Abstract （555）      PDF （1040KB）（986）       Knowledge map    Save The maxillary sinus septum is a common bony structure in the maxillary sinus. It is very important to understand the presence of the maxillary sinus septum when designing the sinus floor elevation. Therefore, this paper summarizes the classification of maxillary sinus septum, its anatomical and biological characteristics, its influence on maxillary sinus osteogenesis, and its treatment methods and principles, in order to provide a reference for the clinical implementation of sinus floor elevation with maxillary sinus septum, and to reduce the complications caused by the presence of maxillary sinus septum. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of yttrium-containing zirconia materials in dental clinical applications Xie Hailin, Guo Xueqi, Wang Liping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 184-189.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.014 Abstract （549）      PDF （1344KB）（633）       Knowledge map    Save Yttrium-containing zirconia ceramic (YCZC) has been widely used in field of implant and restorative dentistry. It has good mechanical and biological properties when compared with other types of zirconia ceramics. Different types of zirconia ceramics have been used in clinical application, such as Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP)with high mechanical properties, and Yttrium-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ)with high aesthetic properties. Therefore, understanding the physical and chemical properties of different YCZC can improve the clinical success of dental restorations. This article summarizes the available literature concerning the physical and chemical properties of YCZC and their clinical applications in the field of dentistry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the clinical application of computer-assisted implant surgery Fu Shuang, Huang Bin, Feng Yi, Wang Haiyan, Sun Wei, Ji Wei, Shi Bin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 87-92.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.015 Abstract （527）      PDF （1295KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Save Computer-assisted technology has been applied in the field of implant surgery to improve the accuracy of implant placement and to achieve high success rate of implants and optimal aesthetic outcomes. There are two major types of computer-assisted implant surgery: static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery. Static computer-assisted implant surgery uses a surgical template to transfer the pre-designed implant position to patient while dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery guides implant placement using real-time tracking and navigation. With the rapid development of digital technology, computer-assisted implant surgery has been more and more widely used in clinical practice. In this paper, the clinical procedures of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery are described. The accuracy of implant placement and factors influencing implant accuracy, clinical outcomes and patient-reported indicators of static and dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery are analyzed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the osteogenic and antimicrobial properties of PEEK modified with a Ce-Ag-ZnO composite coating using PEI as a carrier Dai Yating, Han Zekui, Ru Xiaona, Lyu Yuguang, Li Bing, Gao Shijun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 54-61.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.010 Abstract （527）      PDF （2285KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study aimed to utilize polyetherimide (PEI) as a carrier to coat a Ce-Ag-ZnO composite layer, enhancing the osteogenic and antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Methods Ce-Ag-ZnO composite powder was dissolved in a PEI solution and applied to PEEK via spin coating to form a uniform and stable coating. Three groups were established: the blank group (PEEK), the control group (PEEK+PEI), and the experimental group (PEEK+PEI+composite powder). The surface morphology, hydrophilicity, phase composition, element release, and coating adhesion were analyzed. The osteogenic potential of the samples was assessed using CCK-8, live/dead cell staining, cytoskeletal staining, ALP activity quantification, alizarin red staining, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated through bacterial colony counting. Results The Ce-Ag-ZnO composite powder was successfully coated onto the PEEK surface with a uniform distribution, allowing for controlled release. The experimental group exhibited significantly enhanced hydrophilicity ( P<0.001). On the 7th day, the experimental group showed superior MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation ( P<0.001), with well-spread pseudopodia and clear adhesion. Alizarin red staining demonstrated pronounced mineralization. The modified PEEK significantly upregulated ALP activity ( P<0.001) and the expression of osteogenic genes, including Runx2, BMP-2, OPN, and OCN ( P<0.001). The experimental group also exhibited the lowest bacterial adherence ( P<0.001). Conclusion The composite coating on the PEEK surface enhanced its biocompatibility, osteogenic potential, and antibacterial properties, thereby optimizing the surface performance of PEEK implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on digital methods for recording and transferring maxillomandibular relationship Man Yi, Lan Dongping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 212-217.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.004 Abstract （519）      PDF （768KB）（776）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the advancing development of digital dental technology has heralded a new era in full-arch implant restoration. A crucial element for successful complete denture is the accurate recording and transfer of the maxillomandibular relationship. Compared to traditional methods, digital technology has the potential to shorten the treatment cycle and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. This article elaborates on the application and advances of digital technology in recording and transferring the maxillomandibular relationship in edentulous patients. The opportunities and challenges presented by the digitization of dental technology to clinicians will be discussed, with the aim of providing them with a valuable reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of diabetes on the soft tissue seal surrounding dental implants Wang Qian, Yuan Quan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 347-351.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.009 Abstract （516）      PDF （1377KB）（612）       Knowledge map    Save The soft tissue seal around the dental implants is recognized as a primary mucosal barrier against external stimuli and is critical for maintaining implant stability. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for peri-implantitis. Persistent hyperglycemia can impair the barrier function of peri-implant soft tissues, leading to peri-implant diseases. Moreover, increased pathogenic bacterial infections, excessive inflammatory cytokine activity, and impaired wound healing in diabetic conditions may result in poor soft tissue sealing around implants. This review outlines the structure of peri-implant soft tissue sealing, explores the factors contributing to impaired soft tissue sealing in diabetes, and summarizes methods to improve the mucosal barrier in diabetic patients, providing guidance for implant treatment strategies in diabetic patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on peri-implant soft tissue augmentation materials Chen Jiaxin, Gu Xinhua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 284-288.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.015 Abstract （496）      PDF （1341KB）（727）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing maturity of dental implant technology, the aesthetic effects of dental implants and long-term health of surrounding tissues in implant restorations are of growing concern. Due to the decrease in the amount of soft and hard tissue around the missing tooth area, dental defects often fail to meet the requirements for implant restoration. Therefore, the augmentation of soft and hard tissue around the implant is a key step in dental implantation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce common peri-implant soft tissue augmentation materials and provide references to solving the problem of peri-implant soft tissue insufficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effects of osseodensification technique for transalveolar sinus floor elevation Wang Kexin, Ji Ping, Li Dize, Chen Yuan, Zhao Hongyong, Lu Qinyi, Bai Yaxin, Chen Tao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 62-69.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.011 Abstract （483）      PDF （1660KB）（710）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the clinical effects of the osseodensification technique applied to transalveolar maxillary sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement. Methods A total of 39 patients underwent transalveolar sinus floor elevation using osseodensification and implant placement in the Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2022 to May 2023. 21 cases were female, and 18 cases were male, with ages ranging from 21 to 73 years old and an average of (51.67±11.68) years old. Definitive prosthesis was delivered 6 months after implant surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was conducted preoperatively (T0), postoperatively (T1), and at 6-month follow-up (T2), measuring residual bone height (RBH), vertical bone height (VBH), and bone density (BD) at the implant site. Implant stability test (IST), sinus membrane perforation rate, and implant survival rate (SR) were recorded and analyzed 6 months after implant surgery. Results A total of 39 patients underwent maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery with 53 implants placed simultaneously. Alveolar bone heights ranged from 3.38 to 9.40 mm at T0, with a mean of (6.16±1.00) mm, (11.25±1.10) mm at T1, and (10.36±0.99) mm at T2. Significant differences in alveolar bone height were observed among different observation points ( P <0.001). The BDT0, BDT1 and BDT2 were 196.65 Hu, 441.70 Hu, and 435.04Hu respectively. Significant differences in bone density between T0 and T1 ( P<0.0001) were found. The sinus membrane perforation rate was 1.89%. 2 implants were lost in 6 months after surgery, yielding a cumulative implant survival rate of 96.23%. The remaining implants exhibited favorable IST values 77.61±4.78 at 6 months post-surgery, and no peri-implant inflammation was observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The osseodensification technique may achieve optimal clinical effects for transalveolar sinus floor elevation. The technique exhibits acceptable short-term outcomes, while further studies on long-term clinical effects are required. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of vertical bone deficiency in the posterior mandibular region Qiu Lixin, Niu Lixuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 400-406.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.002 Abstract （481）      PDF （1444KB）（950）       Knowledge map    Save Vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region is technically demanding and prone to frequent complications. There is no consensus, either domestically or internationally, on the optimal technique. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term outcomes of vertical bone augmentation followed by implant-supported restorations. This article provides a systematic review of complications and long-term outcomes of various vertical bone augmentation techniques, drawing on the authors' clinical expertise to provide information on decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and prospects of lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation Gao Shaojingya, Cai Xiaoxiao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 549-554.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.014 Abstract （481）      PDF （1895KB）（343）       Knowledge map    Save This study provides a comprehensive review of the development, technological advancements, and both the current and future trends of the lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation in clinical applications. lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation is a surgical procedure performed in cases of insufficient alveolar bone height in the posterior maxillary region by elevating the Schneiderian membrane via a lateral window and filling it with bone substitute materials to support dental implants. Although this technique provides excellent surgical visibility and operational flexibility, it is associated with considerable trauma and potential complications. Advances in minimally invasive techniques and the application of digital technologies have significantly improved the precision and safety of lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation procedures. This study also discusses the challenges and solutions for simultaneous implantation in cases of low residual bone height. Finally, the article points out that despite the obvious advantages of the lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation, careful handling of technical details is required in practical operations to ensure high success rates and surgical safety. Future studies need more clinical data to further verify the impact of different technical parameters on surgical outcomes, in order to provide both scientific guidance and valuable reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients aided by digital technology: a basic restorative procedure Yan Yuwei, Lin Xiao, Ma Rui, Liang Chao, Geng Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 30-35.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.006 Abstract （479）      PDF （2541KB）（710）       Knowledge map    Save Occlusal reconstruction is a complex oral treatment procedure that requires a high degree of treatment accuracy, especially when it involves occlusal reconstruction treatment of implant-supported fixed restorations. The assistance of digital technology is conducive to improving the accuracy of treatment and providing long-term stability for patients of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic restorative procedures of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients assisted by the digital technology of the neuromuscular analysis system and the electronic facebow for clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the clinical effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser in the treatment of peri-implantitis Sun Fei, Wang Cui, Hu Wenjie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 417-423.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.005 Abstract （478）      PDF （1568KB）（645）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate changes in clinical parameters using Er, Cr: YSGG laser compared to submucosal debridement for the non-surgical treatment of early peri-implantitis. Methods Twenty-eight patients and 28 implants with early peri-implantitis were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into a test group and a control group. The test group (14 subjects/14 implants) was treated with Er, Cr: YSGG laser, and the control group (14 subjects/14 implants) received mechanical submucosal debridement using a titanium curettage and chlorhexidine irrigation. Clinical parameters, such as modified plaque index (mPI), peri-implant pocket probing depth (PD), and bleeding index (BI), were measured at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months after treatment. Differences in clinical parameters before and after treatment were compared. Results The mPI, PD and BI of both the test group and control group significantly reduced at 2 and 3 months after non-surgical intervention (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the test group significantly achieved a reduction in BI value at 2 and 3 months after treatment (1.67 ± 0.45 vs. 2.40 ± 0.55, P=0.001; 1.07 ± 0.38 vs. 2.09 ± 0.83, P<0.001). Both the control and test group exhibited comparable mPI and PD reductions ( P>0.05). The treatment success rates were 28.6% and 7.1% at the patient level ( P=0.037) and 70.2% and 48.8% at the site level ( P=0.012), respectively. Conclusion Er, Cr: YSGG laser for the treatment of early peri-implantitis may be used as an alternative to hand instrumentation to reduce soft tissue inflammation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical retrospective study of bone ring technique for 3-dimensional bone augmentation in implant restoration Chen Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 429-434.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.006 Abstract （469）      PDF （1750KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy and key points of the bone ring technique for three-dimensional bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in cases of single-tooth loss with bone defects. Methods A retrospective review of cases from August 2010 to February 2023 at the Department of Dentistry, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, and U-dental Clinic in Shenzhen, where patients with single-tooth vertical bone defects were treated using the autogenous bone ring technique with simultaneous implant placement. Second-stage surgeries were performed 6 months postoperatively for final restorations. Complications, bone augmentation outcomes, implant failures, and postoperative bone resorption were assessed through clinical and radiographic evaluations. Results 167 teeth were treated with the bone ring technique. 2 implants failed before restoration, and 4 bone rings failed during the healing period. No further implant failures were observed after restoration. Of the 36 patients with complete CBCT data, the average vertical bone gain was (4.52±0.81) mm. Average vertical bone resorption was (0.25±0.11) mm at 6 months post-surgery and (0.52±0.23) mm at 1 year after final restoration. Conclusion The bone ring technique, when applied to cases with sufficient basal bone and vertical bone defects, is an effective method for achieving vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. It demonstrates a high implant success rate and low complication rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A 5-year clinical observation on the application of non-resorbable membranes for bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone Wan Peng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 445-452.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.009 Abstract （455）      PDF （2199KB）（303）       Knowledge map    Save This case report describes the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) combined with soft tissue augmentation for implant restoration in an extended edentulous space in the esthetic zone, employing heterogeneous bone and dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membranes with double-layered coverage using a pig-derived non-crosslinked collagen membrane (Bio-Gide). The patient presented with multiple teeth missing in the maxillary anterior region due to trauma sustained at a young age, accompanied by severe horizontal bone loss and slight vertical bone loss. Clinical treatment involved the simultaneous guided placement of implants with GBR using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), dPTFE, and Bio-Gide membranes. After 6 months, soft tissue augmentation was performed in two stages: first using the tunneling technique with allogeneic de-epithelialized dermal matrix (AlloDerm), followed by a modified tunneling technique using a connective tissue graft (CTG). Gingival shaping was achieved with temporary restorations, followed by final aesthetic restoration to restore function and appearance. A 5-year clinical follow-up demonstrated that GBR with DBBM, dPTFE, and Bio-Gide achieved ideal bone volume gain, while AlloDerm/CTG with the tunneling technique produced satisfactory soft tissue augmentation, contributing to excellent aesthetic outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Improved" maxillary sinus lift surgery Sun Xiaolin, Luo Jiaxin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 118-126.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.005 Abstract （455）      PDF （1637KB）（677）       Knowledge map    Save When posterior maxillary teeth are missing, the residual bone height required for implantation is insufficient due to the lack of functional stimulation from the teeth and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. When residual bone volume cannot ensure the initial stability of the implant, a maxillary sinus floor elevation is needed to increase bone volume in the posterior maxillary region. The "PESS" procedure is a "modified" maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery that uses platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a single bone graft material, with the aid of an endoscope to elevate the maxillary sinus floor through the alveolar ridge and place implants simultaneously. The PESS procedure has optimized maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery to some extent and reduced surgical trauma. This article elaborates on the principles, indications, clinical procedures, and precautions of the "PESS" procedure to provide technical support for its clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites and implant surgery Shao Zhiwen, Zhu Hanjiu, Song Yingliang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 453-458.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.010 Abstract （449）      PDF （1390KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction can reduce or even prevent alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue collapse during the healing process. This helps avoid complex soft and hard tissue augmentation procedures and provides good soft and hard tissue conditions for implant surgery. While conventional alveolar ridge preservation techniques have been widely applied and have shown predictable outcomes, there is still no standardized protocol for alveolar ridge preservation in cases where teeth are extracted due to periodontitis or periapical inflammation. To improve the success rate of alveolar ridge preservation in these inflammatory extraction sites, it is necessary to understand the various influencing factors of alveolar ridge preservation. This review discusses the indications for alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites, the impact of inflammation on alveolar ridge preservation, the key steps of this technique, and the timing of implant placement. It also shares experiences and techniques to optimize treatment outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in treatment of tooth agenesis Geng Chenxin, Liu Yang, Han Dong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 224-230.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.006 Abstract （435）      PDF （1368KB）（1422）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis is the most common dental developmental anomaly in humans, which can cause significant chewing, pronunciation, aesthetic and craniofacial development problems. Due to the unique characteristics of tooth agenesis, its treatment is very time-consuming and costly, imposing huge economic burdens and mental stress on patients. The treatments include a sequential therapeutic strategy with a multidisciplinary team of pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, oral implantology, and other backgrounds, as well as emerging methods such as targeted molecular therapy and tissue engineering. This review provides an update on the knowledge on the characteristics of tooth agenesis, traditional treatments, and the rising fields of molecular therapy and tissue engineering. We also discuss the treatment effects of each method, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of bone graft materials in vertical bone augmentation surgery Zhang Xiaohan, Lv Mingyue, Zhang Shiwen, Yuan Quan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 320-326.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.005 Abstract （431）      PDF （1322KB）（724）       Knowledge map    Save The success and long-term stability of implant treatment are closely related to an adequate bone volume at the implant site. Vertical bone defects have detrimental effects on the function and aesthetic outcomes of implant treatment. Various regenerative procedures, such as guided bone regeneration, Onlay technique, titanium mesh technique, and Inlay technique, require the use of bone graft materials to achieve the regeneration of bone height. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of the bone graft materials used in different surgical techniques for vertical bone augmentation, including their effects, advantages, and limitations. The aim is to provide decision-making support for clinical practice in oral implant therapy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Horizontally ridge reconstruction using titanium mesh with tenting screw vs. autologous bone graft: a retrospective study Zhou Lin, Ding Jiamin, Xing Yifeng, Lin Yanjun, Wu Dong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 340-346.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.008 Abstract （425）      PDF （1651KB）（846）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the horizontal bone gain at the different levels of alveolar bone using a titanium screw as a reference plane by titanium mesh with tent screw and autologous bone grafting. Methods Sixteen patients and 23 measured points were enrolled in this study. CBCT data immediately and 6 months after bone grafting were measured at crestal (CW), midway (MW), and basal (BW) levels and reconstructed for area measurement using a titanium screw as the reference plane. The exposure of titanium mesh or not had been evaluated. Results There were no statistical differences between the titanium mesh and onlay grafting, and measured levels at CW, MW, and BW, the exposed titanium mesh and not exposed one. The width absorption ratio of titanium mesh and onlay grafting group or at CW, MW, and BW were almost the same. The area of bone gained and absorption ratio were almost the same without statistical differences. However, the width absorption ratio of the exposed titanium mesh at CW, MW, and BW was significantly higher than the not exposed one. Thin biotype was a main factor in the exposure of titanium mesh. The exposed titanium mesh at the late phase can also achieve clinically accepted bone gain after certain anti-inflammatory treatments. Conclusion Ti-mesh with tenting screw technique and autologous bone graft can achieve clinically acceptable bone augmentation effect. However, the absorption ratio significantly increased if exposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics