Objective To compare the accuracy differences between magnetic sequential guides, mortise-and-tenon sequence guides, and dental implant robots in full-arch implantation, and to provide a reference for clinical application. Methods Thirty standardized mandibular full-arch models were selected and equally divided into three groups according to the implantation methods. Preoperative CBCT scans was taken for implant planning, and the three groups used the same plan for implant placement. Deviation analysis was performed based postoperative CBCT scanning. Results The dental implant robot group demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by the magnetic sequential guide group, with the mortise-and-tenon sequential guide group showing the lowest accuracy. There was statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of total deviation at the entry point, total deviation at the apex, and total angular deviation (P<0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in the horizontal and depth deviations at the entry point and at the apex (P<0.05). Conclusion Both the dental implant robot and magnetic sequential guide technology can achieve high precision in full-arch implantation. Clinicians can choose the appropriate method according to the specific situation.

Objective To explore the measurement value of the artificial intelligence model based on YOLOv5s (YOLOv5s_CBCT) for the height and width of alveolar bone at the location of missing teeth, and to provide a precise quantitative tool for preoperative planning of oral implants. Methods Based on the faster implementation of CSP bottleneck with 2 convolutions (C2f), and large selective kernel (LSK) modules, the C2f_CBCT and LSK_CBCT modules were constructed. Using modules and structures such as space-to-depth (SPD), ghost convolution (GhostConv), C3 with ghost convolution (C3Ghost) and bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), the YOLOv5s_CBCT model was proposed, and the test images were input into the YOLOv5s_CBCT model after training. The predicted average values of alveolar bone height and width for the four implant areas by the model were respectively obtained and error analysis was conducted. Bidirectional analysis of variance was used to explore the significant factors influencing the measurement results, and Bland-Altman consistency analysis and Tukey test were further adopted to strengthen and improve the conclusions of bidirectional analysis of variance. Results (1) Model comparison experiments showed that the proposed model achieved higher detection accuracy with fewer parameters and lower computational complexity. (2) The maximum average error of alveolar bone height detection in the four implant regions was 0.15 mm, and the minimum was 0.03 mm. The maximum average error of width detection was 0.26 mm, and the minimum was 0.10 mm. (3) The results of the two-way ANOVA indicated that the detection results of alveolar bone height and width were significantly affected by the implant region, but not by the measurement method. (4) Bland-Altman consistency analysis further demonstrated good agreement between manual measurements and model prediction. (5) The Tukey test identified the grouping of implant regions that had a significant impact on the measurement results. Conclusion The overall experimental results demonstrated that the measurement errors of the model were all within an acceptable range. The measurement results have high clinical reference value, and the proposed YOLOv5s_CBCT model can be conveniently deployed on medical instruments.

Objective To investigate whether there is a difference in the marginal bone loss (MBL) of purely conical retained implants with different initial biological widths (IBW). Methods Eighty-three patients with 122 implants (244 initial biological width sites mesial and distal aspects) who underwent implant restorations in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The initial biological widths were divided into four groups, A(1.24~3.56 mm), B(3.59~4.33 mm), C(4.36~5.21 mm), and D(5.23~8.53 mm), according to the different sizes, and the MBL was observed by taking imaging data at the the immediately post-surgery (T1), immediately post-prosthesis delivery (T2), and 3~5 year follow-up (T3), to explore whether the different initial biological widths of the purely taper-retained implant system would affect the peri-implant MBL. Results In the T1-T2 period, MBL was significantly lower in group A than in groups C and D (P<0.05), and in group B than in group D (P<0.05).In the T1-T3 period, MBL was significantly lower in group A than in group D (P<0.05).In the T2-T3 period, MBL was not statistically different among the four groups (P>0.05). In the comparison of mucosal thickness subgroups, there was no significant difference in MBL between thin and thick gingival sites in groups A and B (P>0.05), in group C, thin gingival sites showed more bone loss in the T1-T2 and T1-T3 periods compared to thick gingival group (P<0.05), and thin gingival group sites showed more bone loss in the T1-T2 period compared to thick gingival group in group D (P<0.05). Conclusion More marginal bone loss was observed at sites with larger IBW (≥4.36 mm) after implant placement to the stage of completion of prosthetic restoration, and the IBW of the simple taper-retained implant system has no significant effect on the MBL after functional loading; in the bone remodeling stage, the thicker gingival biotypes can inhibit the MBL to a certain extent compared with the thinner gingival biotypes; we recommend implanting purely conical retained implants to a subosseous depth of ≥2 mm in order to avoid early exposure of implant threads.

Objective To evaluate the effect of extraction site preservation in the maxillary anterior aesthetic zone of patients with StageⅢ orⅣ, Grade C periodontitis. Methods A total of 80 patients who were required extraction of anterior maxillary teeth due to chronic periodontitis and were treated at Saisi Stomatological Hospital of Henan University from January 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively included. Among them, 40 patients were assigned to the experimental group and underwent minimally invasive extraction followed by extraction site preservation, while 40 patients were assigned to the control group and underwent only minimally invasive extraction. Changes in the three-dimensional contour of the alveolar bone before and after treatment, as well as postoperative pain assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), were compared between the two groups. Results At 6 months postoperatively, compared with the immediate postoperative CBCT measurements, the vertical height of the alveolar bone decreased in both groups, but the decrease was significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.0060). At 2 mm apical to the alveolar crest, both groups exhibited horizontal bone resorption, but the experimental group showed significantly less resorption (P=0.0008). At 4 mm apical to the alveolar crest, both groups showed an increase in horizontal bone width, with the experimental group showing a significantly greater increase than the control group (P=0.0390). Over time, VAS pain scores decreased in both groups. At 3 days and 7 days postoperatively, VAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (3 days: P=0.0007; 7 days: P=0.0050). Conclusion Extraction site preservation can significantly reduce the resorption of alveolar bone height and width following extraction of anterior maxillary teeth in patients with chronic periodontitis, thereby providing favorable conditions for subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. In addition, it can alleviate postoperative pain.

Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of the socket-shield technique in immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth in a retrospective study. Methods A total of 86 patients who underwent immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth at our hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to different implant surgical techniques, with 43 patients in each group. The socket-shield technique group (experimental group) received immediate implant placement combined with the root membrane technique, while the conventional implant group (control group) underwent minimally invasive tooth extraction followed by immediate implant placement.Implant survival rate, complication rate, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Additionally, probing depth (PD), pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and modified bleeding index (mBI) were assessed pre- and postoperatively between the two groups. Results The implant retention rate was 95.35% in the socket-shield technique group and 88.37% in the conventional implant group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.237). Patient satisfaction in terms of soft tissue color, overall esthetics, chewing comfort, and total score was significantly higher in the experimental group (P<0.001), with scores of (8.72±0.90), (9.13±0.54), (8.45±0.67), and (25.36±1.42), respectively, compared with (7.36±1.45), (8.22±1.30), (7.01±1.63), and (22.59±1.74) in the control group. Preoperatively, there were no significant differences in PES, mBI, and PD between the two groups (P>0.05).Postoperatively, PES and WES were significantly higher in the experimental group [(8.68±0.89) and (9.01±0.33)] than in the control group [(7.25±1.41) and (8.30±0.76)] (P < 0.001). The socket-shield technique group also exhibited significantly lower mBI and PD values [(0.27±0.08) and (2.35±0.68) mm] than the control group [(1.39±0.36) and (3.27±0.91) mm] (P < 0.001). Additionally, the complication rate in the socket-shield technique group was 9.30%, which was not significantly different from that in the conventional implant group (13.95%; P=0.501). Conclusion Both treatment modalities demonstrated high Implant retention rates and safety profiles. However, the socket-shield technique exhibited superior esthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction in the immediate implant restoration of a single maxillary anterior tooth, making it worthy of broader clinical application and promotion.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the tenting screw technique in the treatment of severe bone defects. Methods A total of 11 patients with severe bone defects, involving 19 graft sites, were included between January 2021 to December 2023. The tenting screw technique was used for bone augmentation, and dental implants were placed 6 months after the procedure. Bone augmentation outcomes and complications were recorded and evaluated. Results The average horizontal bone width increased by (3.12±0.30) mm, while the average vertical bone height increased by (1.29±0.50) mm. Exposure of tenting screws occurred at 4 grafted sites (in 2 patients), but no signs of infection were observed in the grafted areas. Conclusion The tenting screw technique aligns with the “central support” concept, wherein a tenting screw is positioned centrally within the defect to provide support and maintain the osteogenic space. This method effectively enhances horizontal bone width, though its efficacy in vertical bone augmentation remains controversial and requires further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of collagen sponges in repairing maxillary sinus membrane perforations in transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE). Methods A total of 30 patients (42 implants) who underwent TSFE in the Department of Stomatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from September 2019 to September 2024 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Based on the occurrence of intraoperative perforation, the patients were divided into a perforation group (n=13) and a non-perforation group (n=29). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained and analyzed at baseline, immediately after surgery, and 6 months postoperatively to assess new bone height (NBH) and new bone height / implant protrusion length ratio(NBH/IPL). Results The perforation rate was 30.95%. Both groups achieved 100% implant retention at 6 months with no maxillary sinus infection observed. The perforation group exhibited a mean NBH of (2.22±0.61) mm and an NBH/IPL of 58.33% (42.08%, 84.58%), both significantly lower than those of the non-perforation group (P<0.05). Type A and C perforation groups showed no statistically significant difference in bone formation compared to the non-perforation group (P>0.05), while the Type B perforation group exhibited significantly reduced bone formation (P<0.05). Conclusion Collagen sponges can partially seal TSFE sinus membrane perforations and maintain baseline bone formation, but such perforations still reduce bone formation volume.

Objective To explore factors influencing patients’ willingness to choose nationally centralized procurement dental implants, improve their acceptance of such implants, and reduce the economic burden of oral implant treatment. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 696 implant patients treated at a tertiary Class A specialized dental hospital in Yantai City (valid response rate: 90.86%). Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed with six dimensions: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, willingness to use, and actual behavior. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the pathways through which these factors influenced patients’ willingness to use implants under the national centralized procurement program. Results The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity (Cronbach’s α=0.774, KMO=0.790, cumulative variance explained=70.52%), and the structural equation model demonstrated good fit (CMIN/DF=3.414, RMSEA=0.059, IFI=0.939, CFI=0.939, TLI=0.925). Path analysis revealed that attitude (direct effect = 0.15, P<0.05) and subjective norm (direct effect = 0.80, P<0.05) had direct positive effects on willingness to use. Willingness to use (direct effect = 0.60, P<0.05) and perceived risk (direct effect = 0.17, P<0.05) directly influence actual behavior; perceived behavioral norms had no significant effect on intention to use (P>0.05). Among subjective norm indicators, Tfriend recommendation” showed the highest factor loading (1.88), exerting the strongest impact on patient decision-making. Conclusion To encourage patients’ adoption of nationally centralized procurement implant systems, it is essential to ensure product quality, minimize adverse events, enhance clinicians’ understanding of different implant systems, strengthen the role of clinician recommendations, and improve publicity and patient education regarding procured implants.

This report presents a case of 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) applied in digital implant restoration of severe bone defects in the anterior esthetic zone. The patient suffered from continuous loss of natural teeth and severe bone defects in the anterior esthetic zone due to trauma, which seriously affected appearance and function. The 3D-PITM combined with GBR surgery was performed for bone augmentation, and the implant was placed with the assistance of a CAD/CAM implant surgical guide and subsequently restored. Six months after 3D-PITM combined with GBR, the bone width at site 11 increased from 3.72 mm preoperatively to 7.31 mm, and the bone height increased from 14.11 mm preoperatively to 15.97 mm; the bone width at site 21 increased from 3.58 mm preoperatively to 7.41 mm, and the bone height increased from 11.97 mm preoperatively to 15.59 mm. The expected bone augmentation effect was obtained. The alveolar bone contour was reconstructed, and sufficient bone volume was provided for “prosthetic-driven” precise implant placement. Osteogenesis was stable during postoperative follow-up, and there was no obvious marginal bone resorption. The pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and patient satisfaction visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated immediately after crown delivery, at 6 months, and at 12 months. The results showed that the esthetic outcome was good and stable, with significant improvement in anterior esthetics and function.

In cases of severe alveolar ridge resorption with concavity in the posterior maxilla, complex bone augmentation followed by delayed implant placement is often required. This article reports a case of vertical bone augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) combined with transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE). Three-dimensional digital analysis was performed to evaluate preoperative and 6-month postoperative imaging data. The results showed that the bone height increased from less than 1 mm preoperatively to 9.67 mm postoperatively, including a 4.41 mm increase in sinus height and a 5.26 mm increase at the alveolar crest. The grafted bone volume reached 934.22 mm³, approximately 3.4 times the original volume. This suggests that GBR combined with TSFE can achieve ideal vertical bone augmentation results and reduce treatment duration. This paper aims to provide clinical insight into bone augmentation strategies for complex posterior maxillary defects.

Horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation remains one of the most clinically challenging procedures in implant dentistry, and the quality of bone regeneration critically determines the long-term stability of dental implants. Conventional guided bone regeneration techniques have technical limitations in coronal horizontal ridge augmentation, including membrane displacement and inadequate maintenance of the osteogenic compartment. The innovative sausage technique has emerged as a breakthrough approach for predictable horizontal bone augmentation. This method enhances procedural predictability through modified membrane stabilization protocols and optimized graft containment mechanisms. Clinical evidence demonstrates that the sausage technique not only ensures consistent ridge augmentation outcomes but also facilitates ideal prosthetic-driven implant placement in knife-edged alveolar ridges through its unique three-dimensional space-maintaining properties, offering clinicians a reliable solution for complex bone defect rehabilitation. This review comprehensively examines the evolution, technical characteristics, clinical advantages and limitations, and recent advancements of the sausage technique, with the goal of establishing an evidence-based framework for developing personalized bone augmentation protocols.

This review summarizes the current applications and future prospects of dental implant robots in immediate implantation, with the aim of supporting further clinical research in this field. It begins by outlining the challenges of immediate implantation and introducing the working principles and classifications of implant robots. The review then details the current status of their application in immediate implantation, including clinical outcomes, advantages, and indications for complex cases. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges associated with this technology, such as technical limitations, costs, and the need for specialized training. Finally, it explores the future prospects of implant robots in immediate implantation.