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Recent advances in the factors affecting the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-implantitis Yan Fuhua, Song Shiyuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 402-409.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.003 Abstract （2117）      PDF （1334KB）（5614）       Knowledge map    Save Oral implant therapy is one of the most common methods for restoring defective and missing dentition. Peri-implantitis is a prevalent biological complication of implant therapy, characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. The occurrence of peri-implantitis can impact the prognosis of implant restorations or even lead to implant failure, significantly affecting the patient's health and quality of life. Therefore, reducing the risk factors of peri-implantitis, timely diagnosis and effective treatments are of great importance to enhance the prognosis of implant therapy. This review describes the factors influencing the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, the current diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic methods. Furthermore, it discusses emerging treatment modalities with potential clinical applications and reviews ongoing research progress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis Xu Shulan, Zhu Yuanxi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 394-401.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.002 Abstract （987）      PDF （1706KB）（4371）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a common biological complication of dental implant treatment, and it is one of the significant causes of implant failure as well. The treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis present two major problems for implantologists in clinical practice. Evidence-based treatment decision-making and accurate prognosis assessment could help doctors propose appropriate treatment approaches and guide patients to conduct oral self-care and systemic factors control according to their own conditions, aiming for more a streamlined treatment process and better clinical outcomes. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis, discusses its research progress and clinical recommendations, and puts forth suggestions for further research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on metal-organic frameworks in dental medicine Li Jian, Liang Ye, Zhao Baodong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 602-609.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.025 Abstract （998）      PDF （1601KB）（3512）       Knowledge map    Save Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials synthesized through the self-assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands. They are characterized by their highly ordered porosity, tunable pore size, large specific surface area, and diverse structures. With the advancements and applications of MOFs in the biomedical field, an increasing number of researchers have introduced MOFs into dental medicine for research. New MOFs have been tailored or developed based on the characteristics of the oral environment and diseases for use in oral disease treatment. The most commonly used MOFs in dentistry primarily include zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). The structure and function of MOFs are suitable for treating oral diseases, and they have shown promising results in researches related to periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial tumors, dental pulp disease, and dental implants. However, their effectiveness still requires further validation through clinical trials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface decontamination in peri-implantitis management Dong Xiaoxiao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 437-443.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.008 Abstract （460）      PDF （1359KB）（3295）       Knowledge map    Save Surface decontamination of implants is much more difficult than that of natural teeth. Incomplete decontamination is the main reason causing peri-implantitis treatment failure. This article reviews the implant surface decontamination modalities: mechanical decontamination methods, chemical decontamination methods and physical methods. Mechanical decontamination methods are the treatment most well documented. It is the foundation for peri-implantitis treatment. Nowadays, there is no gold standard for management of peri-implantitis. A combination of different decontamination modalities is recommended. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Root cause analysis of 3 cases of adverse events involving swallowing and aspiration in dental implant procedures Jiao Mingxiu, Bao Xianjing, Chen Haixia Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 347-350.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.009 Abstract （632）      PDF （1400KB）（3058）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The retrospective analysis was conducted on three cases of adverse events involving swallowing and aspiration in our hospital by applying the root cause analysis method. Methods The root causes of the events were identified in terms of systematic processes by creating a cause-and-effect diagram. Results The root causes of these incidents were identified in the system process: the lack of standardized preventive measures, insufficient patient evaluation, inadequate preoperative precautionary measures, and treatment positions that could easily result in swallowing and aspiration. Conclusion To address these three root causes, specific improvement measures were implemented: conducting adequate preoperative patient evaluations, enhancing preoperative precautionary measures, adjusting patient treatment positions, strengthening preventive measures during procedures, and enhancing supervision of such incidents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in treatment of tooth agenesis Geng Chenxin, Liu Yang, Han Dong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 224-230.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.006 Abstract （736）      PDF （1368KB）（2833）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis is the most common dental developmental anomaly in humans, which can cause significant chewing, pronunciation, aesthetic and craniofacial development problems. Due to the unique characteristics of tooth agenesis, its treatment is very time-consuming and costly, imposing huge economic burdens and mental stress on patients. The treatments include a sequential therapeutic strategy with a multidisciplinary team of pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, oral implantology, and other backgrounds, as well as emerging methods such as targeted molecular therapy and tissue engineering. This review provides an update on the knowledge on the characteristics of tooth agenesis, traditional treatments, and the rising fields of molecular therapy and tissue engineering. We also discuss the treatment effects of each method, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the clinical application of dental implant robots (first edition) Chen Jiang, Su Yucheng, Shen Guofang, Zhou Yanmin, Man Yi, Wu Yiqun, Yang Guoli, Zhang Yufeng, Tang Chunbo, Liu Qian, Fu Gang, Du Liangzhi, Liu Feng, Gao Yongbo, Yang Xingmei, Chen Deping, Chen Zhuofan, Xu Shulan, Wang Liping, Zhang Sihui Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (3): 134-139.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.06.002 Abstract （1551）      PDF （1438KB）（2832）       Knowledge map    Save Dental implant robot is a new clinical technology in the field of dental implantology in recent years. In view of its high accuracy and stability, it has been applied in many professional fields of stomatology, such as dental implant, oral and maxillofacial surgery, etc. On the basis of clinical application and document retrieval, this consensus discusses the definition of related terms, clinical application requirements, operation specifications and risk prevention of dental implant robots, putting forward consensus views based on the clinical operation experience of some domestic experts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 95-100.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.001 Abstract （1346）      PDF （1401KB）（2790）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, the clinical application of titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration (TMs-GBR), especially using 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM), is increasing, serving as a reliable solution for bone augmentation in various cases of bone defects, particularly complex ones encountered during implant surgery. Given the technical sensitivity of TMs-GBR and the higher risk of complications such as titanium mesh exposure, as well as the current lack of relevant guidelines or international consensus, the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology organized discussions among relevant experts and drafted this consensus, aiming to provide clinical reference for practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of platform technology in the treatment of peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition in the aesthetic zone: a case report and literature review Lin Zhihui, Wang Xi, Man Yi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 424-429.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.006 Abstract （505）      PDF （1718KB）（2582）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of long-term functional use of implant-supported dentures, the occurrence of peri-implant biological complications is often difficult to avoid due to various factors such as the patient's overall health condition, surgical procedures, implant restorations, and prosthetic techniques. Additionally, during the long-term clinical follow-up of patients with aesthetic zone implant restorations, it is often observed that the incisal edge of implant restoration is positioned lower towards the root compared to the contralateral natural tooth, indicating implant infraposition. This article reports a case of aesthetic zone implant peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition treated using platform techniques. In this case, non-surgical treatment was used to control inflammation in the surgical area before the surgery, and connective tissue platform techniques were employed during the surgery to increase soft tissue volume around the implant. Temporary restoration was performed after 3 months postoperatively, followed by the final restoration after 6 months. Short-term treatment results showed that for cases of aesthetic zone implant peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition, the use of connective tissue platform techniques can effectively achieve soft tissue reconstruction in the surgical area and reduce aesthetic risks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence factors of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation Zhao Yang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 289-294.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.016 Abstract （2850）      PDF （1348KB）（2511）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation is a common surgical method to solve the problem of insufficient bone mass in the posterior maxillary region. Based on the special background of maxillary sinus bone augmentation, we explore the principles of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation results from the mechanism of osteogenesis, which can be considered from four aspects: bone contact area, angiogenesis, stability of space, and safe healing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of injectable hydrogels in bone tissue regeneration Yang Yupu, Dong Zheqin, Yu Hongwei, Liu Yu, Wang Xiaohong, Wang Shengmiao, Lan Jing Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 412-420.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.014 Abstract （306）      PDF （1329KB）（2276）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of bone tissue engineering technologies, novel biomaterials have gradually become a major research focus in the field of modern bone tissue repair. Injectable hydrogels, due to their excellent biocompatibility, high tunability, and drug-loading capacity, have increasingly emerged as important materials in bone tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the research progress on injectable hydrogels in bone tissue repair, with a particular focus on their application strategies in the field of bone tissue regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factor analysis and treatment strategies for oral implant restoration in patients with Sjögren syndrome Chen Li, Fang Ming, Zhang Yanting, Zhang Xiaolin, Liu Qing, Zheng Zhaohui, Zhou Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 320-327.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.005 Abstract （592）      PDF （2288KB）（2238）       Knowledge map    Save Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a common disease in oral clinical practice with typical symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes, often accompanied by complex systemic symptoms and a long history of medication. With the growing prevalence of dental implant restorations, there has been a corresponding rise in the demand for implantation treatments among individuals with Sjögren Syndrome. However, there is a lack of relevant treatment guidelines for implant restoration in these patients. This article presents a case of an implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome,summarizes our team's experience in the treatment of implant restoration in these patients, and discusses the risk assessment and treatment strategies for dental implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. A comprehensive risk assessment before treatment, a reasonable implant restoration plan, and consistent long-term plaque control are essential for the successful outcomes of implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Gao Tingting, Bao Yongjie, Lv Xiaoyan, Chen Xian, Liu Yang, Xu Yilei, Lu Huanyou Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 492-497.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.016 Abstract （1085）      PDF （1310KB）（2215）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may be induced during the treatment of oral diseases in patients receiving anti-resorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, as well as angiogenesis inhibitors. However, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unclear, and although numerous studies have established clinical treatment databases, definitive treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Through a review of the literature, this study discusses the definition, etiology, staging, risk factors, treatment and prevention of MRONJ, providing a reference for clinical practice in oral healthcare. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on the sole application of xenograft of low substitution rate for maxillary sinus floor elevation Wu Shiyu, Chen Zhuofan, Huang Baoxin, Chen Zetao, Liu Yuanxiang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 327-331.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.006 Abstract （482）      PDF （1455KB）（2113）       Knowledge map    Save The maxillary sinus floor elevation is a key technique for restoring the vertical bone volume in the patient’s posterior region. However, the maxillary sinus floor elevation still has limitations such as significant trauma, sometimes requiring a second surgical area, and a long treatment cycle. These limitations are closely related to its osteogenic mechanism and the bone augmentation protocol. The article summarizes the evolution of the “gold standard” of bone augmentation materials for maxillary sinus floor elevation from the perspectives of spatial maintenance ability and new bone formation quality based on the mechanism of sinus cavity osteogenesis, then focuses on the current clinical application status of simply using deproteinized bovine bone matrix, in order to provide ideas for standardized clinical treatment and conversion research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the application of osseointegrated implant removal techniques Cai Guoxin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (4): 279-284.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.08.012 Abstract （515）      PDF （1819KB）（2055）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, we searched CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and other databases from 2000 to 2022 for all the published literature related to the osseointegrated implant removal techniques, and counted the number of clinical cases of osseointegrated implant removal and the number of implants surgically removed, the location of implants, poor prognosis and other information. The clinical cases and surgical removals of osseointegrated implants were counted, and the numbers of implants, implant locations, and poor prognosis were summarized. The indications for osseointegrated implant removal were summarized, and the limitations and possible complications of various methods were discussed, and a series of decision-making options were proposed to help clinicians to determine the most appropriate minimally invasive technique for removing osseointegrated implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immediate loading with zygomatic implants for edentulous maxilla with giant maxillary sinus: a case report Kang Shibo, Ma Yina, Guo Aixia, Gao Peng, Ma Weiping, Cheng Xinghan, Yu Qiong, Zhang Dayong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 224-233.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.005 Abstract （347）      PDF （2276KB）（2018）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, a patient with severe alveolar bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region, a giant pneumatized maxillary sinus, and insufficient restoration space underwent zygomatic implantation with immediate loading. Following extraction of the remaining maxillary teeth and occlusal space elevation by 6 mm using a temporary denture, bilateral maxillary zygomatic and inclined implants were placed. Immediate loading was completed 3 days after implant placement, and final restoration was achieved after 6 months. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s preoperative clinical data, the authors eliminated several alternative surgical approaches and ultimately selected the bilateral zygomatic implantation protocol, which successfully restored the patient's maxillary edentulism. By analyzing this case, the authors synthesized treatment principles and clinical experiences for the diagnosis and management of similar cases, providing valuable insights for addressing comparable implant scenarios. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of the occlusal plane in the computer-assisted design of implant-supported fixed complete-arch rehabilitation Ye Ying, Liu Weicai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 9-15.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.003 Abstract （647）      PDF （1569KB）（1977）       Knowledge map    Save Various digital techniques have been extensively applied in implant dentistry. When addressing edentulous cases with implant-supported fixed complete-arch rehabilitation, the determination of the occlusal plane is a critical step, which is a prerequisite for achieving stable occlusal function. This review discusses the employed digital techniques and data fusion, the techniques of virtual mounting, and various methods applied in occlusal plane determination. We hope this work could provide valuable insights into the clinical work in implant-supported occlusal rehabilitation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status of transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants Xia Haibin, Xu Junyi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 109-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.004 Abstract （863）      PDF （1604KB）（1950）       Knowledge map    Save When the residual bone height is insufficient in the maxillary posterior region, the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement is less invasive, resulting in milder postoperative reactions and shorter treatment periods compared to the lateral window technique. However, due to the limited surgical vision and elevation technique, the transalveolar technique is susceptible to mucoperiosteal perforation or compromised osteogenesis and is therefore traditionally considered suitable only for cases where the residual bone height is mildly inadequate. With modifications to surgical instruments, improvements in clinical skills, and the assistance of digital technology, researchers have gained new insights into the indications and surgical protocols for transalveolar sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants. This paper presents an overview of the current basic and clinical research status of the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation by reviewing recent literature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a new Tent-Peg technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects Wang Mohan, Hu Yinghan, Wu Jing, Zou Duohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.011 Abstract （1524）      PDF （1768KB）（1936）       Knowledge map    Save Adequate bone volume is crucial for the successful placement and long-term stability of dental implants. Therefore, the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects hold significant clinical importance. With the development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, various GBR approaches have been applied in clinical practice to address alveolar bone defects. Based on the concept of "stability-centered" alveolar bone reconstruction, we developed a series of Tent-Peg medical products and established a new Tent-Peg technique. This technique enables the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects without the need for autologous bone, providing a novel solution for both the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. This innovative method has been successfully validated in clinical practice, and its appeal lies in its "three lows" (low technical sensitivity, low failure rate, and low cost) and "three easies" (easy to operate, promote, and popularize). To enhance clinicians' understanding of this innovative technique, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Tent-Peg medical product series and highlights the advantages of the new Tent-Peg technique, supported by clinical case demonstrations. This overview aims to promote the standardized application of this technique in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and progress of clinical application of oral occlusion Chen Jiang, He Kaixun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 3-8.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.002 Abstract （911）      PDF （1322KB）（1922）       Knowledge map    Save Oral occlusion involves tooth position, temporomandibular joint movement, and muscle function. Normal oral occlusion is crucial for chewing, pronunciation, facial expressions, and other functions. Malocclusion can cause a series of complications, including pain in the temporomandibular joint and chipping of restorations. Therefore, the importance of oral occlusion in the field of oral medicine has become increasingly prominent. Through in-depth research on oral occlusion, dentists can better diagnose and treat occlusion-related problems and improve treatment effects and patients' quality of life. This article intends to introduce the current status and future directions of oral occlusion research and guide the application and development of implant occlusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of customized additive manufactured titanium mesh in bone augmentation for oral implantation Wang Lingxu, Wang Fangfang, Wang Penglai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (5): 364-370.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.10.012 Abstract （1307）      PDF （1348KB）（1862）       Knowledge map    Save Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a popular method for bone augmentation in oral implant restoration. Titanium mesh has become increasingly prevalent due to its excellent mechanical properties and support fixation. However, traditional prefabricated titanium mesh has limitations, such as poor fitting with the alveolar bone shape, which can result in complications such as wound tearing, mucosal damage, and titanium mesh exposure. Additive manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing, allows for the customization of customized titanium mesh with varying shapes, thicknesses, and porosity. This customized approach not only upholds the excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of traditional titanium meshes but also achieves high-precision bone grafting through meticulous preoperative design and digital virtual reconstruction. Such an approach not only streamlines the surgical procedure and shortens surgery time, but also simplifies the surgeon’s operations and reduces trauma to patients. However, in clinical application, even though postoperative complications have decreased, issues such as the exposure of the titanium mesh persist and require careful attention. Despite the considerable clinical potential of titanium mesh from customized manufacturing, in-depth subsequent research is crucial to enhance its effectiveness. This article provides an overview of the current clinical application and research status of customized additive manufactured titanium mesh. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts during sinus floor elevation Bao Yuejie, Zhan Pingping, Lin Zhihao, He Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 543-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.013 Abstract （638）      PDF （2026KB）（1856）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces a surgical approach for the simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts and sinus floor elevation using the double-window technique. The first lateral window is created to elevate the Schneiderian membrane and establish space for bone augmentation. Once the membrane is fully elevated and remains intact, a second small lateral window is created above the first to remove the cyst. The two windows are separated to prevent contamination of the graft material by the cystic contents. Additionally, a conservative surgical approach for the palliative treatment of sinus cysts is presented. Three representative cases are described to demonstrate specific techniques and surgical methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and clinical application of dental implant macro-design Cai Wenyu, Ma Junchi, Zhao Wenbo, Wang Yiming, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 180-186.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.013 Abstract （621）      PDF （1295KB）（1821）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the design of implant configurations has been continuously optimized, playing a key role in improving initial stability and promoting osseointegration, which are key factors for achieving long-term functional stability of implants. However, there is still no unified consensus on the optimal implant configuration. This article explores various aspects of implant design, including the neck structure, thread pattern, overall shape, apex features, diameter, and length, with different bone qualities and clinical conditions, such as immediate and delayed implantation, as well as anterior and posterior implantation sites. By summarizing the most favorable implant configurations identified in current research, this review aims to provide a reference for clinical applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The autologous platelet concentrates for maxillary sinus floor elevation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Zhao Ruimin, Gong Jiaming, Li Jianxue, Su Linhan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (4): 270-278.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.08.011 Abstract （495）      PDF （1859KB）（1804）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To systematically evaluate efficacy in the application of autologous platelet concentrates (APC) for maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE). Methods The databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2022, were electronically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving MSFE employing APC. The Cochrane Tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. Data were analyzed via RevMan 5.4 software. Results In total 16 RCTs were included. Meta-analyses showed that at 6 months after MSFE, APC presented significant advantages in the proportion of new bone formation, grafted materials absorption, vertical bone augmentation, and bone density except for the proportion of connective tissue, bone-to-bone graft contact rate, vertical bone resorption, and implant stability quotient; At 12 months after MFSE, employing APC mixed grafted materials resulted in a significantly better vertical sinus-bone height than employing bone grafted materials alone, but the latter presented a more stable vertical sinus-bone height. Conclusion Limited evidence implied that during a medium-short follow-up period, employing APC mixed bone grafted materials achieves better performance than sole bone grafted materials in terms of the proportion of new bone formation, sinus-bone height, bone density, and materials degradation, thus, no positive efficacy on the proportion of connective tissue, bone-to-bone graft contact rate and the stability of vertical sinus-bone resorption and implant. Further evidence from RCTs with higher homogeneity and longer follow-up period is needed to evaluate its superiority in MSFE. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of animal models simulating the human jawbone for in vivo experiments on oral implants Wang Qi, Teng Weiwei, Su Tianyue, Shu Qianyi, Li Cuiying, Wang Xinyu, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (4): 285-289.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.08.013 Abstract （608）      PDF （1258KB）（1791）       Knowledge map    Save With the improvement of our national living standard and the popularization of dental implant technology, dental implants have become the first choice for the restoration of partially or completely edentulous jaws. To improve the surgical skill level of clinicians and develop excellent implants are important measures to improve the success rate of implant restorations, and neither physician training nor new implant development can be accomplished without preclinical experiments on animal models. Therefore, this paper reviews the animals and animal models suitable for dental implant surgery. The results of literature analysis show that there are a variety of animals that can be used to simulate the human jawbone for implant surgery or for testing the new implants developed. Pigs are the closest animal model to the human jawbone in terms of feeding habits, ethical considerations, physical size, temperament, structural characteristics, tissue composition, and bone remodeling of the jawbone tissue. However, due to the different experimental purposes, different animal models can be selected to carry out experiments. Additionally, an array of animal models can be concurrently employed to meet diverse research needs and achieve clinical treatment objectives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics of nisin and its application in peri-implantitis: a review of recent research Wang Yu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 86-90.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.015 Abstract （499）      PDF （1723KB）（1789）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is one of the main causes of implants failure. Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus, which exerts bacteriostatic effects by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes. Nisin has been shown to effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria associated with peri-implantitis, demonstrating its potential for use in the treatment of this condition. This review article discusses the characteristics of nisin and the research progress on its application in peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A systematic literature review on the implant survival rate for congenitally missing teeth Zhao Yu, Zan Bingxin, Dai Qinggang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 242-251.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.009 Abstract （603）      PDF （1424KB）（1784）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To review the relevant literature from the last decade reporting on the outcomes of congenitally edentulous patients after implant prosthetic restoration, and to synthesize the implant survival rates from different perspectives to provide information for clinical decision-making. Methods A search using the combination ("hypodontia" OR "oligodontia" OR "anodontia" OR "tooth agenesis" OR "congenitally missing teeth") AND "dental implant*" was used in databases such as PubMed, with a time frame from February 2014 to February 2024. The literature was screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the bibliographies of the selected research articles were manually searched. Results A total of 34 prospective/retrospective studies and some case reports on implant restorations in congenitally edentulous patients were finally included. It was found that the overall implant survival rate in these patients was high, with an average of 96.53%, depending on individual patient factors and treatment techniques. Congenital edentulism was categorized into simple congenital edentulism and syndromic congenital edentulism, with survival rates of 97.32% and 95.54%, respectively, based on the relationship with systemic diseases. There were slight differences in implant survival rates between different age groups, with 93.82% for patients aged 17 years and younger, and 96.83% for adult patients aged 18 years and older. The maxillary lateral incisors, with a high rate of congenital defects involving the anterior esthetic zone, had an ideal implant survival rate (98.48%). The implant survival rate for congenitally edentulous patients combined with bone augmentation techniques was 96.19%. The survival rates for zygomatic implants and small-diameter implants (or mini-implants) were 98.18% and 97.18%, respectively. Conclusion Implant surgery is a better solution to restoring oral function in congenitally edentulous patients. However, it still needs to be analyzed according to the patient's situation to improve the implant survival rates and the success of implant restoration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients aided by digital technology: a basic restorative procedure Yan Yuwei, Lin Xiao, Ma Rui, Liang Chao, Geng Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 30-35.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.006 Abstract （680）      PDF （2541KB）（1713）       Knowledge map    Save Occlusal reconstruction is a complex oral treatment procedure that requires a high degree of treatment accuracy, especially when it involves occlusal reconstruction treatment of implant-supported fixed restorations. The assistance of digital technology is conducive to improving the accuracy of treatment and providing long-term stability for patients of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic restorative procedures of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients assisted by the digital technology of the neuromuscular analysis system and the electronic facebow for clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of vertical bone deficiency in the posterior mandibular region Qiu Lixin, Niu Lixuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 400-406.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.002 Abstract （719）      PDF （1444KB）（1705）       Knowledge map    Save Vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region is technically demanding and prone to frequent complications. There is no consensus, either domestically or internationally, on the optimal technique. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term outcomes of vertical bone augmentation followed by implant-supported restorations. This article provides a systematic review of complications and long-term outcomes of various vertical bone augmentation techniques, drawing on the authors' clinical expertise to provide information on decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of digitally assisted immediate implant placement through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area Zhao Ning, Li Xiaojie, Kou Ni, Ma Guowu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 266-271.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.012 Abstract （1018）      PDF （2405KB）（1699）       Knowledge map    Save This paper presents a case of digitally assisted immediate implantation through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area. The patient had a root fracture caused by an upper anterior teeth trauma. One impacted canine and two impacted supernumerary teeth were found in the bone on the root side of the affected teeth. During treatment, under the guidance of the digital surgical guide plate and assistance by Er : YAG laser, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth was achieved. At the same time, autologous bone grafting material and platelet-rich fibrin were mixed for bone grafting at the two implant sites. Provisional and permanent restorations were completed with digital technology at 5 months and 8 months after the first stage of surgery, respectively. Postoperative CBCT showed that the implants penetrated through the crown, apical cementum, dentin, and pulp of the impacted teeth. No pain or other complications were found during the follow-up visit. There were no clinical symptoms at the 18-month follow-up visit. CBCT images showed that the bone density around the implants had increased and the lamina dura had formed. In this case, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth in the aesthetic area was realized with the digital assistance, providing a new clinical idea for the selection of treatment options for impacted teeth and increased clinical data for other healing forms of implants besides osseointegration. However, the clinical effect of this kind of operation still needs long-term follow-up observation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Robotic computer-assisted implant surgery: opportunities and challenges Xu Shulan, Li Ping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (3): 140-145.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.06.003 Abstract （585）      PDF （1371KB）（1624）       Knowledge map    Save The precise placement of dental implants is crucial for successful implant surgery. As a technological innovation, robotic-assisted technology offers personalized, predictable, and exact surgical methods for implant placement. With the gradual expansion of robotic-assisted technology in the field of oral implantology, it provides new directions and opportunities for development, as well as challenges and difficulties. This article aims to introduce the basic principles and clinical applications of robotic-assisted technology, as well as to discuss the emerging opportunities and challenges that come with its use in oral implantology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies for implant surface decontamination in therapy of peri-implantitis Yang Ting, Hu Wenjie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 385-390.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.015 Abstract （509）      PDF （1381KB）（1614）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-mediated pathological condition of peri-implant tissue, characterized by inflammation in peri-implant mucosa accompanied by progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. It is the main reason that affects the long-term result of dental implant restoration, which might eventually lead to implant failure. Implant surface decontamination is the key to the management of peri-implantitis. Non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment have both been used in clinical practice, but there is no gold standard protocol for implant decontamination. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the characteristics of implants with and without peri-implantitis to understand the decontamination strategy for infected implant surfaces, which can provide a reference for clinicians in the decision-making when managing peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up maintenance compliance and related factors in implant restoration patients: current status and outlook Song Jiaying, Chen Zhuofan, Huang Baoxin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 430-436.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.007 Abstract （490）      PDF （1334KB）（1609）       Knowledge map    Save Regular follow-up and periodontal and peri-implant maintenance is a guarantee for the long-term success of implant restorations. However, the follow-up compliance of patients with dental implants is not optimistic. Fully understanding the importance of maintenance and the factors related to patients' compliance is helpful to enhance patients' compliance with maintenance and then improve the long-term success of dental implants. Therefore, this review describes the impact of maintenance on implant restorations and the factors related to patients’ compliance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in bone regenerative materials for implant dentistry Li Xin, Liu Kaizheng, Wu Shiyu, Liu Yuanxiang, Huang Baoxin, Qiao Wei, Pan Haobo, Chen Zhuofan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 371-377.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.013 Abstract （870）      PDF （1414KB）（1593）       Knowledge map    Save There has been an increasing number of cases involving bone regeneration in oral clinical treatments, and the requirements for related biomaterials are simultaneously getting higher. This review aims to summarize the research status of bone regeneration materials in the field of implant dentistry. First, specific characteristics of oral bone regeneration applications are introduced. Next, the biochemical and physical properties that affect the performance of materials are discussed, followed by some of the key issues in the field. Finally, an outlook on future research directions is provided to promote the development of next-generation oral bone regeneration materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in occlusal contact design of implant-supported dentures in complete edentulous patients Li Zhiwen, Du bingran, Lin Yuan, Pan Yaopeng, Jin Liuli, Zhang Xueyang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (4): 239-243.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.08.006 Abstract （646）      PDF （653KB）（1583）       Knowledge map    Save The design of occlusal contact of implant-supported dentures is one of the important factors to consider for implant restoration in patients with edentulism. Proper occlusal force can ensure the patients' chewing ability and avoid excessive loading on the implants, while improper occlusal force will affect the prognosis of implants. The design of the centric occlusal contact for patients with edentulism should ensure that the occlusal force is parallel to the long axis of the implants, reducing the existence of cantilevers and improper fulcrums, and maintain the even and stable contact of the posterior teeth. The first choice of implant protected occlusion is the canine guide occlusion.. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants Chen Jiang, Qiu Yubei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 252-257.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.010 Abstract （1019）      PDF （1333KB）（1569）       Knowledge map    Save Insufficient alveolar bone mass at the implant site is an important factor affecting the outcome of dental implants. Bone augmentation is an effective strategy to solve this problem. The application of digital technology provides a new approach for bone augmentation in oral implantology. This article presents the application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium Liu Qiqi, Zhao Yujia, Qiu Lin, Hao Junjiang, Su Hanqi, Han Zekui, Wang Xinyu, Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 555-560.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.015 Abstract （431）      PDF （1786KB）（1555）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study investigates the effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium, aiming to provide reference data for optimizing SLA(sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched) surface characteristics. Methods Alumina particles were used in an orthogonal experimental design to analyze the effects of particle size, pressure, distance, and time on the surface roughness average (Ra) of Grade 4 pure titanium. Range analysis and variance analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter. Results The surface roughness with Ra value of 1.083~2.494 μm can be obtained within the range of factor levels in this experiment. The lowest surface roughness (Group A) was achieved with 100-mesh particles, 0.2 MPa pressure, a distance of 50 mm, and a duration of 60 seconds. The highest surface roughness (Group B) was observed with 60-mesh particles, 0.4 MPa pressure, a distance of 100 mm, and a duration of 15 seconds. Conclusion Within the range of parameter levels examined in this study, surface roughness decreased with increasing particles size and blasting time, while it increased with higher pressure and longer blasting distance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report on dental implant surgery for a patient with severe gag reflex and multiple tooth loss Xu Xinghuanyu, Yang Yanlan, Xu Pu, Yu Dou, Lu Liying Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 81-85.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.014 Abstract （468）      PDF （2441KB）（1495）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to share the clinical experience of performing dental implantation in patients with severe gag reflex, providing a reference for the treatment of similar patients. The patient was maintained in a 45° sitting position, and medicated rinsing, local anesthesia, and nerve block anesthesia were used in combination to facilitate the procedure. A user-friendly implant system was employed during the surgery. The severe gag reflex was successfully suppressed, and the dental implant placements were completed smoothly. Postoperative CBCT confirmed proper placement of the implants, and follow-up visits showed satisfactory wound healing. For patients with severe gag reflex, medicated rinsing can effectively reduce discomfort and facilitate successful dental implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the accuracy of dental implant robot in immediate implantation Jiang Yuxi, Sun Shichen, Wan Linzi, Liu Wenfeng, Yang Zhikang, Wu Xifeng, Sun Haipeng, Li Shuchun, Gao Yongbo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (3): 165-171.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.06.007 Abstract （687）      PDF （1575KB）（1494）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the accuracy error of dental implant robots in immediate and delayed implantation. Methods Implant patients who met the requirements of implant restoration treatment were divided into two groups: immediate implant (n=4) and delayed implant (n=6). Each group was implanted with a dental implant robot. Preoperative CBCT, implant position design, surgical procedure planning, robotic arm registration and alignment were routinely performed, and implant socket preparation and implant placement were performed by the robot. The implant placement error was analyzed by CBCT after surgery. Results The dental implant robot surgery was successfully completed, and there were no complications during and after the surgery. The deviation of the implant depth at the apical point was (0.25±0.13) mm in the immediate the implant group and (-0.88±0.49) mm in the delayed implant group, and the deviation of the implant angle was 1.38°±0.14° in the immediate implant group and 0.59°±0.08° in the delayed implant group. There was a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The dental implant robot showed good accuracy in both immediate and delayed implantation. The accuracy of the implant point and the apical point of the dental implant robot during immediate implantation is close, and the angle deviation is greater than that of the delayed implant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An in vitro study on the comparison of implant accuracy of freehand, implant surgical guide, and dental implant robot Su Tianyue, Zhao Jinrong, Teng weiwei, Liu Penghui, Li Xinru, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (4): 244-249.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.08.007 Abstract （675）      PDF （1500KB）（1486）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the implant accuracy of dental implant robot, freehand, and implant surgical guide under the same experimental conditions. Methods Solid rigid polyurethane was selected as the research medium. The 90 implant sites of the polyurethane model were divided into three groups: the first group is the freehand group (n=30), which is implanted by the doctor's freehand; the second group was the guide group (n=30), and the implant surgical guides were used to assist implant placement; and the third group was the robot group (n=30), which was assisted by dental implant robot while the implants were also placed by the same doctor. CBCT was taken for implant planning, and the implant placements were carried out by freehand, implant surgical guide and dental implant robot, and CBCT was taken again after surgery to analyze and compare the deviation between the actual implant position and the planned position. Results In the polyurethane experiment, compared with the freehand group, the total implant site deviation, the lateral implant site deviation, the total apex deviation, the lateral apex deviation, and the angular deviation in the guide and robot groups were reduced (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the guide group and the robot group in all directions of deviation (P>0.05). Conclusion Through the in vitro model experiment, it can be determined that dental implant robot is a more reliable and accurate implant technology than freehand method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics