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Recent advances in the factors affecting the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-implantitis Yan Fuhua, Song Shiyuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 402-409.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.003 Abstract （2378）      PDF （1334KB）（6507）       Knowledge map    Save Oral implant therapy is one of the most common methods for restoring defective and missing dentition. Peri-implantitis is a prevalent biological complication of implant therapy, characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. The occurrence of peri-implantitis can impact the prognosis of implant restorations or even lead to implant failure, significantly affecting the patient's health and quality of life. Therefore, reducing the risk factors of peri-implantitis, timely diagnosis and effective treatments are of great importance to enhance the prognosis of implant therapy. This review describes the factors influencing the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, the current diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic methods. Furthermore, it discusses emerging treatment modalities with potential clinical applications and reviews ongoing research progress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts during sinus floor elevation Bao Yuejie, Zhan Pingping, Lin Zhihao, He Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 543-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.013 Abstract （843）      PDF （2026KB）（5247）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces a surgical approach for the simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts and sinus floor elevation using the double-window technique. The first lateral window is created to elevate the Schneiderian membrane and establish space for bone augmentation. Once the membrane is fully elevated and remains intact, a second small lateral window is created above the first to remove the cyst. The two windows are separated to prevent contamination of the graft material by the cystic contents. Additionally, a conservative surgical approach for the palliative treatment of sinus cysts is presented. Three representative cases are described to demonstrate specific techniques and surgical methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis Xu Shulan, Zhu Yuanxi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 394-401.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.002 Abstract （1118）      PDF （1706KB）（4727）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a common biological complication of dental implant treatment, and it is one of the significant causes of implant failure as well. The treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis present two major problems for implantologists in clinical practice. Evidence-based treatment decision-making and accurate prognosis assessment could help doctors propose appropriate treatment approaches and guide patients to conduct oral self-care and systemic factors control according to their own conditions, aiming for more a streamlined treatment process and better clinical outcomes. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the treatment decision-making and prognosis assessment of peri-implantitis, discusses its research progress and clinical recommendations, and puts forth suggestions for further research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of injectable hydrogels in bone tissue regeneration Yang Yupu, Dong Zheqin, Yu Hongwei, Liu Yu, Wang Xiaohong, Wang Shengmiao, Lan Jing Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 412-420.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.014 Abstract （434）      PDF （1329KB）（4682）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of bone tissue engineering technologies, novel biomaterials have gradually become a major research focus in the field of modern bone tissue repair. Injectable hydrogels, due to their excellent biocompatibility, high tunability, and drug-loading capacity, have increasingly emerged as important materials in bone tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the research progress on injectable hydrogels in bone tissue repair, with a particular focus on their application strategies in the field of bone tissue regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on metal-organic frameworks in dental medicine Li Jian, Liang Ye, Zhao Baodong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 602-609.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.025 Abstract （1245）      PDF （1601KB）（4556）       Knowledge map    Save Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials synthesized through the self-assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands. They are characterized by their highly ordered porosity, tunable pore size, large specific surface area, and diverse structures. With the advancements and applications of MOFs in the biomedical field, an increasing number of researchers have introduced MOFs into dental medicine for research. New MOFs have been tailored or developed based on the characteristics of the oral environment and diseases for use in oral disease treatment. The most commonly used MOFs in dentistry primarily include zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). The structure and function of MOFs are suitable for treating oral diseases, and they have shown promising results in researches related to periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial tumors, dental pulp disease, and dental implants. However, their effectiveness still requires further validation through clinical trials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Gao Tingting, Bao Yongjie, Lv Xiaoyan, Chen Xian, Liu Yang, Xu Yilei, Lu Huanyou Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 492-497.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.016 Abstract （1439）      PDF （1310KB）（4537）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may be induced during the treatment of oral diseases in patients receiving anti-resorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, as well as angiogenesis inhibitors. However, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unclear, and although numerous studies have established clinical treatment databases, definitive treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Through a review of the literature, this study discusses the definition, etiology, staging, risk factors, treatment and prevention of MRONJ, providing a reference for clinical practice in oral healthcare. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface decontamination in peri-implantitis management Dong Xiaoxiao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 437-443.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.008 Abstract （576）      PDF （1359KB）（4157）       Knowledge map    Save Surface decontamination of implants is much more difficult than that of natural teeth. Incomplete decontamination is the main reason causing peri-implantitis treatment failure. This article reviews the implant surface decontamination modalities: mechanical decontamination methods, chemical decontamination methods and physical methods. Mechanical decontamination methods are the treatment most well documented. It is the foundation for peri-implantitis treatment. Nowadays, there is no gold standard for management of peri-implantitis. A combination of different decontamination modalities is recommended. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status of transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants Xia Haibin, Xu Junyi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 109-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.004 Abstract （1013）      PDF （1604KB）（4022）       Knowledge map    Save When the residual bone height is insufficient in the maxillary posterior region, the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement is less invasive, resulting in milder postoperative reactions and shorter treatment periods compared to the lateral window technique. However, due to the limited surgical vision and elevation technique, the transalveolar technique is susceptible to mucoperiosteal perforation or compromised osteogenesis and is therefore traditionally considered suitable only for cases where the residual bone height is mildly inadequate. With modifications to surgical instruments, improvements in clinical skills, and the assistance of digital technology, researchers have gained new insights into the indications and surgical protocols for transalveolar sinus floor elevation with simultaneous placement of dental implants. This paper presents an overview of the current basic and clinical research status of the transalveolar technique for sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation by reviewing recent literature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immediate loading with zygomatic implants for edentulous maxilla with giant maxillary sinus: a case report Kang Shibo, Ma Yina, Guo Aixia, Gao Peng, Ma Weiping, Cheng Xinghan, Yu Qiong, Zhang Dayong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 224-233.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.005 Abstract （478）      PDF （2276KB）（3944）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, a patient with severe alveolar bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region, a giant pneumatized maxillary sinus, and insufficient restoration space underwent zygomatic implantation with immediate loading. Following extraction of the remaining maxillary teeth and occlusal space elevation by 6 mm using a temporary denture, bilateral maxillary zygomatic and inclined implants were placed. Immediate loading was completed 3 days after implant placement, and final restoration was achieved after 6 months. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s preoperative clinical data, the authors eliminated several alternative surgical approaches and ultimately selected the bilateral zygomatic implantation protocol, which successfully restored the patient's maxillary edentulism. By analyzing this case, the authors synthesized treatment principles and clinical experiences for the diagnosis and management of similar cases, providing valuable insights for addressing comparable implant scenarios. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factor analysis and treatment strategies for oral implant restoration in patients with Sjögren syndrome Chen Li, Fang Ming, Zhang Yanting, Zhang Xiaolin, Liu Qing, Zheng Zhaohui, Zhou Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 320-327.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.005 Abstract （770）      PDF （2288KB）（3881）       Knowledge map    Save Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a common disease in oral clinical practice with typical symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes, often accompanied by complex systemic symptoms and a long history of medication. With the growing prevalence of dental implant restorations, there has been a corresponding rise in the demand for implantation treatments among individuals with Sjögren Syndrome. However, there is a lack of relevant treatment guidelines for implant restoration in these patients. This article presents a case of an implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome,summarizes our team's experience in the treatment of implant restoration in these patients, and discusses the risk assessment and treatment strategies for dental implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. A comprehensive risk assessment before treatment, a reasonable implant restoration plan, and consistent long-term plaque control are essential for the successful outcomes of implant restorations in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in treatment of tooth agenesis Geng Chenxin, Liu Yang, Han Dong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 224-230.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.006 Abstract （927）      PDF （1368KB）（3775）       Knowledge map    Save Tooth agenesis is the most common dental developmental anomaly in humans, which can cause significant chewing, pronunciation, aesthetic and craniofacial development problems. Due to the unique characteristics of tooth agenesis, its treatment is very time-consuming and costly, imposing huge economic burdens and mental stress on patients. The treatments include a sequential therapeutic strategy with a multidisciplinary team of pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, oral implantology, and other backgrounds, as well as emerging methods such as targeted molecular therapy and tissue engineering. This review provides an update on the knowledge on the characteristics of tooth agenesis, traditional treatments, and the rising fields of molecular therapy and tissue engineering. We also discuss the treatment effects of each method, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment of tooth agenesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 95-100.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.001 Abstract （1654）      PDF （1401KB）（3555）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, the clinical application of titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration (TMs-GBR), especially using 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM), is increasing, serving as a reliable solution for bone augmentation in various cases of bone defects, particularly complex ones encountered during implant surgery. Given the technical sensitivity of TMs-GBR and the higher risk of complications such as titanium mesh exposure, as well as the current lack of relevant guidelines or international consensus, the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology organized discussions among relevant experts and drafted this consensus, aiming to provide clinical reference for practitioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of platform technology in the treatment of peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition in the aesthetic zone: a case report and literature review Lin Zhihui, Wang Xi, Man Yi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 424-429.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.006 Abstract （612）      PDF （1718KB）（3514）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of long-term functional use of implant-supported dentures, the occurrence of peri-implant biological complications is often difficult to avoid due to various factors such as the patient's overall health condition, surgical procedures, implant restorations, and prosthetic techniques. Additionally, during the long-term clinical follow-up of patients with aesthetic zone implant restorations, it is often observed that the incisal edge of implant restoration is positioned lower towards the root compared to the contralateral natural tooth, indicating implant infraposition. This article reports a case of aesthetic zone implant peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition treated using platform techniques. In this case, non-surgical treatment was used to control inflammation in the surgical area before the surgery, and connective tissue platform techniques were employed during the surgery to increase soft tissue volume around the implant. Temporary restoration was performed after 3 months postoperatively, followed by the final restoration after 6 months. Short-term treatment results showed that for cases of aesthetic zone implant peri-implantitis combined with implant infraposition, the use of connective tissue platform techniques can effectively achieve soft tissue reconstruction in the surgical area and reduce aesthetic risks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients aided by digital technology: a basic restorative procedure Yan Yuwei, Lin Xiao, Ma Rui, Liang Chao, Geng Wei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 30-35.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.006 Abstract （890）      PDF （2541KB）（3433）       Knowledge map    Save Occlusal reconstruction is a complex oral treatment procedure that requires a high degree of treatment accuracy, especially when it involves occlusal reconstruction treatment of implant-supported fixed restorations. The assistance of digital technology is conducive to improving the accuracy of treatment and providing long-term stability for patients of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic restorative procedures of implant restorations and occlusal reconstruction in partially edentulous patients assisted by the digital technology of the neuromuscular analysis system and the electronic facebow for clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and research progress in dental implant treatment for alveolar cleft patients Dai Yuwei, Lan Rong, Wu Yiqun, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 486-491.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.015 Abstract （738）      PDF （1448KB）（3423）       Knowledge map    Save Cleft lip and palate are common congenital craniofacial anomalies often accompanied by alveolar clefts and missing teeth. Traditional restoration methods for patients with alveolar clefts typically involve fixed or removable partial dentures. Bone grafting and dental implant treatments offer more options for better results. However, there is currently no standardized approach to bone augmentation in alveolar cleft patients, which can affect the success of dental implants. This review will summarize the influence of bone grafting on dental implant restoration in patients with alveolar clefts, the factors affecting the treatment outcomes, as well as the common challenges and clinical effects of implant restoration, to help patients with cleft lip and palate achieve more ideal treatment results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and clinical application of dental implant macro-design Cai Wenyu, Ma Junchi, Zhao Wenbo, Wang Yiming, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 180-186.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.013 Abstract （829）      PDF （1295KB）（3341）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the design of implant configurations has been continuously optimized, playing a key role in improving initial stability and promoting osseointegration, which are key factors for achieving long-term functional stability of implants. However, there is still no unified consensus on the optimal implant configuration. This article explores various aspects of implant design, including the neck structure, thread pattern, overall shape, apex features, diameter, and length, with different bone qualities and clinical conditions, such as immediate and delayed implantation, as well as anterior and posterior implantation sites. By summarizing the most favorable implant configurations identified in current research, this review aims to provide a reference for clinical applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral implantology and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 317-330.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.001 Abstract （816）      PDF （2181KB）（3111）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a serious complication associated with antiresorptive therapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, and has received increasing attention in recent years.In implant patients, severe MRONJ can lead to devastating consequences for the jawbone, with few effective preventive strategies currently available.Although a substantial body of literature on MRONJ exists, it often lacks systematic organization.Therefore, this review discusses the definition, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis, staging, diagnostic criteria, histopathological manifestations, risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies for MRONJ. Special emphasis is placed on the risks and management of peri-implant MRONJ (PI-MRONJ). Despite the lack of consensus on many aspects of MRONJ, the objective discussion in this article presents current research progress to clinicians and provide references for the prevention and treatment of MRONJ and PI-MRONJ. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Navigation-assisted digital surgical workflow for zygomatic implant-supported reconstruction of maxillary defects Su Guanyu, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 243-249.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.007 Abstract （506）      PDF （1660KB）（3052）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary bone defects severely compromise patients’ abilities to chew, speak, and swallow, and also significantly affect facial aesthetics. Traditional prosthetic rehabilitation and free flap reconstruction present inherent limitations in clinical practice. Zygomatic implant technology, by anchoring implants to the zygomatic bone, offers a novel approach for the functional and structural rehabilitation of maxillary defects. However, this technique involves complex craniofacial anatomical structures and demands high surgical precision and intraoperative stability. The clinical success of zygomatic implants largely depends on accurate preoperative planning and precise surgical execution. In recent years, the integration of digital technologies has greatly enhanced the accuracy and predictability of zygomatic implant surgery. This article systematically reviews the digital surgical workflow for managing maxillary defects with zygomatic implants, including multimodal imaging data acquisition and registration, prosthesis-driven implant planning, and the application of dynamic navigation systems and augmented reality technologies. Additionally, representative clinical cases are presented to illustrate the practical value of these digital technologies in zygomatic implant surgery for maxillary reconstruction. Looking ahead, with the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence and robotic-assisted surgical technologies, the degree of automation and intelligence in zygomatic implant procedures is expected to improve further, thereby promoting more personalized and precise solutions for maxillary defect rehabilitation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and progress of clinical application of oral occlusion Chen Jiang, He Kaixun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 3-8.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.002 Abstract （1088）      PDF （1322KB）（3008）       Knowledge map    Save Oral occlusion involves tooth position, temporomandibular joint movement, and muscle function. Normal oral occlusion is crucial for chewing, pronunciation, facial expressions, and other functions. Malocclusion can cause a series of complications, including pain in the temporomandibular joint and chipping of restorations. Therefore, the importance of oral occlusion in the field of oral medicine has become increasingly prominent. Through in-depth research on oral occlusion, dentists can better diagnose and treat occlusion-related problems and improve treatment effects and patients' quality of life. This article intends to introduce the current status and future directions of oral occlusion research and guide the application and development of implant occlusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of vertical bone deficiency in the posterior mandibular region Qiu Lixin, Niu Lixuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 400-406.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.002 Abstract （894）      PDF （1444KB）（2993）       Knowledge map    Save Vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region is technically demanding and prone to frequent complications. There is no consensus, either domestically or internationally, on the optimal technique. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term outcomes of vertical bone augmentation followed by implant-supported restorations. This article provides a systematic review of complications and long-term outcomes of various vertical bone augmentation techniques, drawing on the authors' clinical expertise to provide information on decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence factors of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation Zhao Yang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 289-294.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.016 Abstract （3012）      PDF （1348KB）（2759）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary sinus floor elevation is a common surgical method to solve the problem of insufficient bone mass in the posterior maxillary region. Based on the special background of maxillary sinus bone augmentation, we explore the principles of achieving predictable maxillary sinus bone augmentation results from the mechanism of osteogenesis, which can be considered from four aspects: bone contact area, angiogenesis, stability of space, and safe healing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a new Tent-Peg technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects Wang Mohan, Hu Yinghan, Wu Jing, Zou Duohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.011 Abstract （1818）      PDF （1768KB）（2728）       Knowledge map    Save Adequate bone volume is crucial for the successful placement and long-term stability of dental implants. Therefore, the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects hold significant clinical importance. With the development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, various GBR approaches have been applied in clinical practice to address alveolar bone defects. Based on the concept of "stability-centered" alveolar bone reconstruction, we developed a series of Tent-Peg medical products and established a new Tent-Peg technique. This technique enables the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects without the need for autologous bone, providing a novel solution for both the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. This innovative method has been successfully validated in clinical practice, and its appeal lies in its "three lows" (low technical sensitivity, low failure rate, and low cost) and "three easies" (easy to operate, promote, and popularize). To enhance clinicians' understanding of this innovative technique, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Tent-Peg medical product series and highlights the advantages of the new Tent-Peg technique, supported by clinical case demonstrations. This overview aims to promote the standardized application of this technique in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of the occlusal plane in the computer-assisted design of implant-supported fixed complete-arch rehabilitation Ye Ying, Liu Weicai Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (1): 9-15.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.02.003 Abstract （826）      PDF （1569KB）（2697）       Knowledge map    Save Various digital techniques have been extensively applied in implant dentistry. When addressing edentulous cases with implant-supported fixed complete-arch rehabilitation, the determination of the occlusal plane is a critical step, which is a prerequisite for achieving stable occlusal function. This review discusses the employed digital techniques and data fusion, the techniques of virtual mounting, and various methods applied in occlusal plane determination. We hope this work could provide valuable insights into the clinical work in implant-supported occlusal rehabilitation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of a KABP-based systematic oral health education program on postoperative care of dental implants in patients with periodontal disease Chen Shanshan, Wang Xue, Yuan Miao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 262-268.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.010 Abstract （456）      PDF （1592KB）（2650）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the effect of a KABP-based nursing model combined with systematic oral health education on postoperative care of dental implants in patients with periodontal disease. Methods A total of 96 patients who underwent oral implant restoration at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to June 2022 were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n=48) and an intervention group (n=48) using a random number table. The control group received systematic oral health education, while the intervention group received a KABP-based educational intervention. Outcome measures included peri-implan indices, cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α), disease knowledge awareness, compliance with professional oral maintenance, incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and patient satisfaction. Results Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in peri-implant indices (BI, PLI, PD), cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α), or disease knowledge awareness between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the peri-implant indices and cytokine levels were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05), while disease knowledge awareness and compliance with professional oral maintenance were significantly higher (P<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05), and patient satisfaction with the restoration was higher in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of a KABP-based nursing model combined with systematic oral health education can effectively improve peri-implant indices, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, enhance disease knowledge awareness, improve compliance with professional oral maintenance, and increase patient satisfaction following dental implant therapy in patients with periodontal disease. Furthermore, it can decrease the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tilted implants in rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla Guo Houzuo, Di Ping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 234-242.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.006 Abstract （567）      PDF （1397KB）（2567）       Knowledge map    Save Edentulous maxillary patients often face the clinical challenge of insufficient residual bone volume during implant rehabilitation. By optimizing the three-dimensional positioning of implants, the tilted implantation technique maximizes the utilization of existing anatomical bone structures while avoiding the risks associated with bone augmentation procedures, thereby achieving favorable primary stability. Compared to traditional bone grafting protocols, this approach significantly reduces surgical trauma and supports immediate loading, effectively shortening the overall treatment duration. With advancements in oral implantology, tilted implantation has demonstrated significant clinical advantages in the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla. This article systematically reviewed the application progress of the tilted implantation technique in maxillary edentulous rehabilitation from the perspectives of clinical indications, surgical protocols, and clinical prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report on dental implant surgery for a patient with severe gag reflex and multiple tooth loss Xu Xinghuanyu, Yang Yanlan, Xu Pu, Yu Dou, Lu Liying Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 81-85.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.014 Abstract （703）      PDF （2441KB）（2541）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to share the clinical experience of performing dental implantation in patients with severe gag reflex, providing a reference for the treatment of similar patients. The patient was maintained in a 45° sitting position, and medicated rinsing, local anesthesia, and nerve block anesthesia were used in combination to facilitate the procedure. A user-friendly implant system was employed during the surgery. The severe gag reflex was successfully suppressed, and the dental implant placements were completed smoothly. Postoperative CBCT confirmed proper placement of the implants, and follow-up visits showed satisfactory wound healing. For patients with severe gag reflex, medicated rinsing can effectively reduce discomfort and facilitate successful dental implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategies for implant surface decontamination in therapy of peri-implantitis Yang Ting, Hu Wenjie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 385-390.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.015 Abstract （673）      PDF （1381KB）（2540）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-mediated pathological condition of peri-implant tissue, characterized by inflammation in peri-implant mucosa accompanied by progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. It is the main reason that affects the long-term result of dental implant restoration, which might eventually lead to implant failure. Implant surface decontamination is the key to the management of peri-implantitis. Non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment have both been used in clinical practice, but there is no gold standard protocol for implant decontamination. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the characteristics of implants with and without peri-implantitis to understand the decontamination strategy for infected implant surfaces, which can provide a reference for clinicians in the decision-making when managing peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive sequential treatment of peri-implantitis based on etiological analysis: a case report Yang Rui, Xu Zhijie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 161-168.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.010 Abstract （498）      PDF （1682KB）（2536）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease of the peri-implant soft and hard tissues, primarily caused by plaque biofilms and influenced by multiple factors. This article presents the comprehensive sequential treatment process and follow-up results of a patient with peri-implantitis and discusses the optimal treatment approach. In this case, the implant prosthesis was first removed for non-surgical treatment to preliminarily control the infection, followed by bone regenerative surgery to reconstruct peri-implant bone tissue. Subsequently, free gingival grafting was performed to improve peri-implant soft tissue conditions, and the prosthesis morphology was adjusted and reinserted. Throughout the treatment and follow-up periods, both self-maintenance and professional maintenance were emphasized. After a 2-year follow-up, the peri-implant gingival redness, swelling, and suppuration subsided, the deep periodontal pockets resolved, and alveolar bone regeneration was achieved and maintained, resulting in a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants Chen Jiang, Qiu Yubei Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 252-257.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.010 Abstract （1149）      PDF （1333KB）（2516）       Knowledge map    Save Insufficient alveolar bone mass at the implant site is an important factor affecting the outcome of dental implants. Bone augmentation is an effective strategy to solve this problem. The application of digital technology provides a new approach for bone augmentation in oral implantology. This article presents the application and research progress of digital technology in bone augmentation for dental implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium Liu Qiqi, Zhao Yujia, Qiu Lin, Hao Junjiang, Su Hanqi, Han Zekui, Wang Xinyu, Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 555-560.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.015 Abstract （647）      PDF （1786KB）（2484）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study investigates the effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium, aiming to provide reference data for optimizing SLA(sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched) surface characteristics. Methods Alumina particles were used in an orthogonal experimental design to analyze the effects of particle size, pressure, distance, and time on the surface roughness average (Ra) of Grade 4 pure titanium. Range analysis and variance analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter. Results The surface roughness with Ra value of 1.083~2.494 μm can be obtained within the range of factor levels in this experiment. The lowest surface roughness (Group A) was achieved with 100-mesh particles, 0.2 MPa pressure, a distance of 50 mm, and a duration of 60 seconds. The highest surface roughness (Group B) was observed with 60-mesh particles, 0.4 MPa pressure, a distance of 100 mm, and a duration of 15 seconds. Conclusion Within the range of parameter levels examined in this study, surface roughness decreased with increasing particles size and blasting time, while it increased with higher pressure and longer blasting distance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up maintenance compliance and related factors in implant restoration patients: current status and outlook Song Jiaying, Chen Zhuofan, Huang Baoxin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2023, 28 (6): 430-436.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.12.007 Abstract （668）      PDF （1334KB）（2481）       Knowledge map    Save Regular follow-up and periodontal and peri-implant maintenance is a guarantee for the long-term success of implant restorations. However, the follow-up compliance of patients with dental implants is not optimistic. Fully understanding the importance of maintenance and the factors related to patients' compliance is helpful to enhance patients' compliance with maintenance and then improve the long-term success of dental implants. Therefore, this review describes the impact of maintenance on implant restorations and the factors related to patients’ compliance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics of nisin and its application in peri-implantitis: a review of recent research Wang Yu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 86-90.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.015 Abstract （641）      PDF （1723KB）（2470）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is one of the main causes of implants failure. Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus, which exerts bacteriostatic effects by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes. Nisin has been shown to effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria associated with peri-implantitis, demonstrating its potential for use in the treatment of this condition. This review article discusses the characteristics of nisin and the research progress on its application in peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A systematic literature review on the implant survival rate for congenitally missing teeth Zhao Yu, Zan Bingxin, Dai Qinggang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 242-251.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.009 Abstract （814）      PDF （1424KB）（2453）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To review the relevant literature from the last decade reporting on the outcomes of congenitally edentulous patients after implant prosthetic restoration, and to synthesize the implant survival rates from different perspectives to provide information for clinical decision-making. Methods A search using the combination ("hypodontia" OR "oligodontia" OR "anodontia" OR "tooth agenesis" OR "congenitally missing teeth") AND "dental implant*" was used in databases such as PubMed, with a time frame from February 2014 to February 2024. The literature was screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the bibliographies of the selected research articles were manually searched. Results A total of 34 prospective/retrospective studies and some case reports on implant restorations in congenitally edentulous patients were finally included. It was found that the overall implant survival rate in these patients was high, with an average of 96.53%, depending on individual patient factors and treatment techniques. Congenital edentulism was categorized into simple congenital edentulism and syndromic congenital edentulism, with survival rates of 97.32% and 95.54%, respectively, based on the relationship with systemic diseases. There were slight differences in implant survival rates between different age groups, with 93.82% for patients aged 17 years and younger, and 96.83% for adult patients aged 18 years and older. The maxillary lateral incisors, with a high rate of congenital defects involving the anterior esthetic zone, had an ideal implant survival rate (98.48%). The implant survival rate for congenitally edentulous patients combined with bone augmentation techniques was 96.19%. The survival rates for zygomatic implants and small-diameter implants (or mini-implants) were 98.18% and 97.18%, respectively. Conclusion Implant surgery is a better solution to restoring oral function in congenitally edentulous patients. However, it still needs to be analyzed according to the patient's situation to improve the implant survival rates and the success of implant restoration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of digitally assisted immediate implant placement through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area Zhao Ning, Li Xiaojie, Kou Ni, Ma Guowu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (3): 266-271.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.06.012 Abstract （1151）      PDF （2405KB）（2428）       Knowledge map    Save This paper presents a case of digitally assisted immediate implantation through impacted teeth in the aesthetic area. The patient had a root fracture caused by an upper anterior teeth trauma. One impacted canine and two impacted supernumerary teeth were found in the bone on the root side of the affected teeth. During treatment, under the guidance of the digital surgical guide plate and assistance by Er : YAG laser, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth was achieved. At the same time, autologous bone grafting material and platelet-rich fibrin were mixed for bone grafting at the two implant sites. Provisional and permanent restorations were completed with digital technology at 5 months and 8 months after the first stage of surgery, respectively. Postoperative CBCT showed that the implants penetrated through the crown, apical cementum, dentin, and pulp of the impacted teeth. No pain or other complications were found during the follow-up visit. There were no clinical symptoms at the 18-month follow-up visit. CBCT images showed that the bone density around the implants had increased and the lamina dura had formed. In this case, immediate implantation through the impacted teeth in the aesthetic area was realized with the digital assistance, providing a new clinical idea for the selection of treatment options for impacted teeth and increased clinical data for other healing forms of implants besides osseointegration. However, the clinical effect of this kind of operation still needs long-term follow-up observation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of zygomatic implantation: technological evolution and clinical application Chen Jingxia, Zhou Yanmin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 250-254.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.008 Abstract （526）      PDF （1364KB）（2344）       Knowledge map    Save Zygomatic implantation, a clinical solution for patients with severe maxillary atrophy, overcomes the limitations of traditional implant procedures and enables the combined retention of maxilla-zygomatic implants. This paper systematically reviews the development of zygomatic implant technology, focusing on its application in the restoration of complex maxillary bone defects, the evolution of indications, and innovative treatment strategies. The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis and clinical support for precision treatment in the field of oral and maxillofacial repair. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility study of artificial intelligence in immediate implant measurements and analysis in the mandibular molar region Zhao Wenbo, Li Xinru, Su Hang, Teng Weiwei, Cai Wenyu, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 178-183.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.013 Abstract （601）      PDF （1391KB）（2341）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze and validate the feasibility of an artificial intelligence software, ITK-SNAP, in identifying the distance between mandibular molars and the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Methods The cone-beam CT (CBCT) image data of 100 college students were selected, and 30 cases were randomly selected as the experimental group, and the remaining 70 cases were used as the validation group together with the 30 cases in the experimental group. The distances from the apices of the mandibular molar roots and the tops of the alveolar septa to the inferior alveolar nerve canals were measured using CBCT image analysis software and ITK-SNAP, respectively. Results The differences in the distances between mandibular molars and the inferior alveolar nerve canals measured by CBCT and ITK-SNAP software were not statistically significant in intergroup comparisons (P>0.05), and had a high correlation with r>0 (correlation coefficients r were all greater than 0.9); in both males and females, the distances from the mesial apices, the distal apices, and the tops of the alveolar septa to the upper walls of the inferior alveolar nerve canals of the mandibular first molars were significantly greater than those of the second molars (P<0.05), and the distances from each point of the mandibular first molars to the upper walls of the inferior alveolar nerve canals were significantly greater than those of the second molars in both the right and left sides (P<0.05). Conclusion The artificial intelligence software ITK-SNAP for measuring the distance between mandibular molars and the mandibular canal is feasible, which provides a reference for the preoperative planning of immediate implant placement in the mandibular molar region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the effect of surface treatment on osseointegration of dental implants Wang Yingjie, Wang Mengxue, Cao Yu, Xu Ziman, Xu Yuou, Liu Lehua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 405-411.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.013 Abstract （582）      PDF （1333KB）（2333）       Knowledge map    Save Osseointegration of implants is defined as the direct structural and functional connection between a loaded implant and the surrounding ordered bone tissue. This process is complex, involving the interactions among multiple cell types. Osteoblasts adhere to, proliferate on, and differentiate at the implant surface, and through a sequence of biological processes, they facilitate the integration of the implant with the adjacent bone tissue—an event pivotal to osseointegration. Robust osseointegration enhances implant stability, reduces the risk of infection, and thereby increases the success rate of restoration and improving patients’ quality of life. However, studies indicate that diabetes can impede the osseointegration process and lower the implant success rate. To enhance osseointegration in diabetic patients, researchers have developed a variety of novel materials and techniques, including continuous antibacterial materials, biological factor sustained-release materials and surface modification techniques. Among these, implant surface treatment has attracted significant attention due to its ability to improve osseointegration performance while enhancing biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. This article reviews the principles and efficacy of various implant surface treatment methods, such as mechanical treatments, coating technologies, and biomaterial scaffolds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the utilization of sticky bone in bone regeneration Liang Yixin, Qu Zhe Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 111-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.004 Abstract （827）      PDF （1622KB）（2304）       Knowledge map    Save The high concentrations of growth factors within platelets have been proven to promote cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis during the regeneration process. Multiple efforts have been exerted to blend them with bone substitute materials, to fabricate "sticky bone" for easier manipulation by surgeons. While autologous and allogeneic bone grafts are limited by donor site availability and biocompatibility issues, synthetic bone grafts exhibit significant advantages in terms of biocompatibility. The integration of growth factors into these porous synthetic grafts can effectively stimulate cell growth and differentiation, thereby enhancing osteogenic potential. This paper reviews the research and advancements in sticky bone for bone regeneration, elaborating on the fabrication and characterization of sticky bone materials. Moreover, it also highlights the promising outcomes and benefits of sticky bone in bone defect regeneration, substantiated by clinical data from both domestic and international studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flapless alveolar ridge reconstruction for an anterior site with severe bone defect for implant therapy: a case report Zhou Ying, Cong Longfeng, Zhang Xiang, Wang Sheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (4): 358-361.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.08.011 Abstract （559）      PDF （1785KB）（2251）       Knowledge map    Save This case report presents a modified ridge preservation technique for the anterior site with severe bone defects after extraction. 9 months later, the implant was placed, during which temporary implant restorations were used to shape the gingiva, achieving good aesthetic results and stable function during follow-up. The diagnosis and treatment process and the results of this case suggest that this flapless alveolar ridge reconstruction technique is feasible, but further observation is needed for long-term effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical retrospective study of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) and onlay bone grafting in reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects Su Yadi, Zou Jiejuan, Wang Chao, Huang Yuanding Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (2): 169-177.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.04.012 Abstract （1817）      PDF （1679KB）（2242）       Knowledge map    Save Objective A clinical retrospective study was proposed to compare the bone augmentation effect of GBR based on 3D printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) with onlay block autogenous bone grafting in the reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects. Methods This study included 39 patients with alveolar bone defects who attended the Implant Department of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2018 to January 2022. According to bone grafting methods, they were divided into 3D-PITM+GBR group (19 patients) and Onlay group (20 patients). Preoperatively, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were imported into Mimics Research and 3-Matic Software for 3D reconstruction and digital design. 3D-PITM was fabricated by CAD/ selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Intraoperatively, bone augmentation surgery was completed with fixed 3D-PITM or autologous bone block. CBCT imaging data were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6~9 months postoperatively and after implant placement. Based on the digital radiographic data, the gained bone height on the implant axis and the gained bone width at 0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm under the implant platform were measured. Results The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher vertical bone increments [2.68 mm (0.45,4.23), 2.27 mm (0.49,3.27)] than onlay group [1.60 mm (0.33,1.62), 1.74 mm (0.53,1.60)] before/after bone grafting and before/after implant placement respectively. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the alveolar ridge before and after bone grafting [(1.97±0.97) mm, (2.59±1.22) mm, (2.94±1.50) mm)] than that of onlay group [(1.06±0.99) mm, (1.45±1.25) mm, (2.32± 1.23) mm]. In the 3D-PITM+GBR group, the mean bone width increments at 0 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm below the implant platform before and after implantation [(2.34±1.09) mm, (2.53±1.48) mm, (2.85±2.20) mm)] were lower than those of onlay group [(2.51±1.34) mm, (3.04±1.73) mm, (3.38±1.94) mm]. The 3D-PITM+GBR group had higher osteogenesis rates in both horizontal and vertical directions (66.8%, 68.8%) than the Onlay group (64.6%, 62.6%).3D-PITM for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects was able to significantly increase the height and width of alveolar bone reconstruction compared with onlay block autogenous bone grafting, but the implant exposure rate (21%) was still higher than that of the onlay group (5%). Conclusion 3D-PITM+GBR technique can be used instead of block autogenous bone grafting for reconstruction of complex alveolar bone defects, obtaining ideal bone augmentation results and stable bone contours, but titanium mesh exposure is still a common complication in its application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics