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Application of injectable hydrogels in bone tissue regeneration Yang Yupu, Dong Zheqin, Yu Hongwei, Liu Yu, Wang Xiaohong, Wang Shengmiao, Lan Jing Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 412-420.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.014 Abstract （391）      PDF （1329KB）（4568）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of bone tissue engineering technologies, novel biomaterials have gradually become a major research focus in the field of modern bone tissue repair. Injectable hydrogels, due to their excellent biocompatibility, high tunability, and drug-loading capacity, have increasingly emerged as important materials in bone tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the research progress on injectable hydrogels in bone tissue repair, with a particular focus on their application strategies in the field of bone tissue regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on metal-organic frameworks in dental medicine Li Jian, Liang Ye, Zhao Baodong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 602-609.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.025 Abstract （1130）      PDF （1601KB）（4269）       Knowledge map    Save Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials synthesized through the self-assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands. They are characterized by their highly ordered porosity, tunable pore size, large specific surface area, and diverse structures. With the advancements and applications of MOFs in the biomedical field, an increasing number of researchers have introduced MOFs into dental medicine for research. New MOFs have been tailored or developed based on the characteristics of the oral environment and diseases for use in oral disease treatment. The most commonly used MOFs in dentistry primarily include zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). The structure and function of MOFs are suitable for treating oral diseases, and they have shown promising results in researches related to periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial tumors, dental pulp disease, and dental implants. However, their effectiveness still requires further validation through clinical trials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Gao Tingting, Bao Yongjie, Lv Xiaoyan, Chen Xian, Liu Yang, Xu Yilei, Lu Huanyou Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 492-497.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.016 Abstract （1350）      PDF （1310KB）（3568）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may be induced during the treatment of oral diseases in patients receiving anti-resorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, as well as angiogenesis inhibitors. However, the exact mechanism of MRONJ remains unclear, and although numerous studies have established clinical treatment databases, definitive treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Through a review of the literature, this study discusses the definition, etiology, staging, risk factors, treatment and prevention of MRONJ, providing a reference for clinical practice in oral healthcare. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immediate loading with zygomatic implants for edentulous maxilla with giant maxillary sinus: a case report Kang Shibo, Ma Yina, Guo Aixia, Gao Peng, Ma Weiping, Cheng Xinghan, Yu Qiong, Zhang Dayong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 224-233.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.005 Abstract （427）      PDF （2276KB）（3100）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, a patient with severe alveolar bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region, a giant pneumatized maxillary sinus, and insufficient restoration space underwent zygomatic implantation with immediate loading. Following extraction of the remaining maxillary teeth and occlusal space elevation by 6 mm using a temporary denture, bilateral maxillary zygomatic and inclined implants were placed. Immediate loading was completed 3 days after implant placement, and final restoration was achieved after 6 months. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s preoperative clinical data, the authors eliminated several alternative surgical approaches and ultimately selected the bilateral zygomatic implantation protocol, which successfully restored the patient's maxillary edentulism. By analyzing this case, the authors synthesized treatment principles and clinical experiences for the diagnosis and management of similar cases, providing valuable insights for addressing comparable implant scenarios. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts during sinus floor elevation Bao Yuejie, Zhan Pingping, Lin Zhihao, He Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 543-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.013 Abstract （757）      PDF （2026KB）（3003）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces a surgical approach for the simultaneous management of maxillary sinus cysts and sinus floor elevation using the double-window technique. The first lateral window is created to elevate the Schneiderian membrane and establish space for bone augmentation. Once the membrane is fully elevated and remains intact, a second small lateral window is created above the first to remove the cyst. The two windows are separated to prevent contamination of the graft material by the cystic contents. Additionally, a conservative surgical approach for the palliative treatment of sinus cysts is presented. Three representative cases are described to demonstrate specific techniques and surgical methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and clinical application of dental implant macro-design Cai Wenyu, Ma Junchi, Zhao Wenbo, Wang Yiming, Zhou Libo Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 180-186.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.013 Abstract （732）      PDF （1295KB）（2754）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the design of implant configurations has been continuously optimized, playing a key role in improving initial stability and promoting osseointegration, which are key factors for achieving long-term functional stability of implants. However, there is still no unified consensus on the optimal implant configuration. This article explores various aspects of implant design, including the neck structure, thread pattern, overall shape, apex features, diameter, and length, with different bone qualities and clinical conditions, such as immediate and delayed implantation, as well as anterior and posterior implantation sites. By summarizing the most favorable implant configurations identified in current research, this review aims to provide a reference for clinical applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral implantology and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 317-330.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.001 Abstract （707）      PDF （2181KB）（2686）       Knowledge map    Save Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a serious complication associated with antiresorptive therapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, and has received increasing attention in recent years.In implant patients, severe MRONJ can lead to devastating consequences for the jawbone, with few effective preventive strategies currently available.Although a substantial body of literature on MRONJ exists, it often lacks systematic organization.Therefore, this review discusses the definition, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis, staging, diagnostic criteria, histopathological manifestations, risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies for MRONJ. Special emphasis is placed on the risks and management of peri-implant MRONJ (PI-MRONJ). Despite the lack of consensus on many aspects of MRONJ, the objective discussion in this article presents current research progress to clinicians and provide references for the prevention and treatment of MRONJ and PI-MRONJ. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of vertical bone deficiency in the posterior mandibular region Qiu Lixin, Niu Lixuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 400-406.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.002 Abstract （810）      PDF （1444KB）（2626）       Knowledge map    Save Vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region is technically demanding and prone to frequent complications. There is no consensus, either domestically or internationally, on the optimal technique. Furthermore, there is a lack of large-scale, high-quality clinical studies on the long-term outcomes of vertical bone augmentation followed by implant-supported restorations. This article provides a systematic review of complications and long-term outcomes of various vertical bone augmentation techniques, drawing on the authors' clinical expertise to provide information on decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a new Tent-Peg technique in the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects Wang Mohan, Hu Yinghan, Wu Jing, Zou Duohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.011 Abstract （1732）      PDF （1768KB）（2540）       Knowledge map    Save Adequate bone volume is crucial for the successful placement and long-term stability of dental implants. Therefore, the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects hold significant clinical importance. With the development of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, various GBR approaches have been applied in clinical practice to address alveolar bone defects. Based on the concept of "stability-centered" alveolar bone reconstruction, we developed a series of Tent-Peg medical products and established a new Tent-Peg technique. This technique enables the reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects without the need for autologous bone, providing a novel solution for both the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of such defects. This innovative method has been successfully validated in clinical practice, and its appeal lies in its "three lows" (low technical sensitivity, low failure rate, and low cost) and "three easies" (easy to operate, promote, and popularize). To enhance clinicians' understanding of this innovative technique, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Tent-Peg medical product series and highlights the advantages of the new Tent-Peg technique, supported by clinical case demonstrations. This overview aims to promote the standardized application of this technique in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics of nisin and its application in peri-implantitis: a review of recent research Wang Yu Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 86-90.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.015 Abstract （590）      PDF （1723KB）（2263）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is one of the main causes of implants failure. Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus, which exerts bacteriostatic effects by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes. Nisin has been shown to effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria associated with peri-implantitis, demonstrating its potential for use in the treatment of this condition. This review article discusses the characteristics of nisin and the research progress on its application in peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Navigation-assisted digital surgical workflow for zygomatic implant-supported reconstruction of maxillary defects Su Guanyu, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 243-249.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.007 Abstract （424）      PDF （1660KB）（2250）       Knowledge map    Save Maxillary bone defects severely compromise patients’ abilities to chew, speak, and swallow, and also significantly affect facial aesthetics. Traditional prosthetic rehabilitation and free flap reconstruction present inherent limitations in clinical practice. Zygomatic implant technology, by anchoring implants to the zygomatic bone, offers a novel approach for the functional and structural rehabilitation of maxillary defects. However, this technique involves complex craniofacial anatomical structures and demands high surgical precision and intraoperative stability. The clinical success of zygomatic implants largely depends on accurate preoperative planning and precise surgical execution. In recent years, the integration of digital technologies has greatly enhanced the accuracy and predictability of zygomatic implant surgery. This article systematically reviews the digital surgical workflow for managing maxillary defects with zygomatic implants, including multimodal imaging data acquisition and registration, prosthesis-driven implant planning, and the application of dynamic navigation systems and augmented reality technologies. Additionally, representative clinical cases are presented to illustrate the practical value of these digital technologies in zygomatic implant surgery for maxillary reconstruction. Looking ahead, with the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence and robotic-assisted surgical technologies, the degree of automation and intelligence in zygomatic implant procedures is expected to improve further, thereby promoting more personalized and precise solutions for maxillary defect rehabilitation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and research progress in dental implant treatment for alveolar cleft patients Dai Yuwei, Lan Rong, Wu Yiqun, Wang Feng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 486-491.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.015 Abstract （662）      PDF （1448KB）（2230）       Knowledge map    Save Cleft lip and palate are common congenital craniofacial anomalies often accompanied by alveolar clefts and missing teeth. Traditional restoration methods for patients with alveolar clefts typically involve fixed or removable partial dentures. Bone grafting and dental implant treatments offer more options for better results. However, there is currently no standardized approach to bone augmentation in alveolar cleft patients, which can affect the success of dental implants. This review will summarize the influence of bone grafting on dental implant restoration in patients with alveolar clefts, the factors affecting the treatment outcomes, as well as the common challenges and clinical effects of implant restoration, to help patients with cleft lip and palate achieve more ideal treatment results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report on dental implant surgery for a patient with severe gag reflex and multiple tooth loss Xu Xinghuanyu, Yang Yanlan, Xu Pu, Yu Dou, Lu Liying Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 81-85.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.014 Abstract （617）      PDF （2441KB）（2202）       Knowledge map    Save This study aims to share the clinical experience of performing dental implantation in patients with severe gag reflex, providing a reference for the treatment of similar patients. The patient was maintained in a 45° sitting position, and medicated rinsing, local anesthesia, and nerve block anesthesia were used in combination to facilitate the procedure. A user-friendly implant system was employed during the surgery. The severe gag reflex was successfully suppressed, and the dental implant placements were completed smoothly. Postoperative CBCT confirmed proper placement of the implants, and follow-up visits showed satisfactory wound healing. For patients with severe gag reflex, medicated rinsing can effectively reduce discomfort and facilitate successful dental implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium Liu Qiqi, Zhao Yujia, Qiu Lin, Hao Junjiang, Su Hanqi, Han Zekui, Wang Xinyu, Su Yucheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 555-560.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.015 Abstract （565）      PDF （1786KB）（2198）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study investigates the effect of different sandblasting parameters on the surface roughness of medical-grade Grade 4 pure titanium, aiming to provide reference data for optimizing SLA(sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched) surface characteristics. Methods Alumina particles were used in an orthogonal experimental design to analyze the effects of particle size, pressure, distance, and time on the surface roughness average (Ra) of Grade 4 pure titanium. Range analysis and variance analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter. Results The surface roughness with Ra value of 1.083~2.494 μm can be obtained within the range of factor levels in this experiment. The lowest surface roughness (Group A) was achieved with 100-mesh particles, 0.2 MPa pressure, a distance of 50 mm, and a duration of 60 seconds. The highest surface roughness (Group B) was observed with 60-mesh particles, 0.4 MPa pressure, a distance of 100 mm, and a duration of 15 seconds. Conclusion Within the range of parameter levels examined in this study, surface roughness decreased with increasing particles size and blasting time, while it increased with higher pressure and longer blasting distance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of a KABP-based systematic oral health education program on postoperative care of dental implants in patients with periodontal disease Chen Shanshan, Wang Xue, Yuan Miao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 262-268.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.010 Abstract （381）      PDF （1592KB）（2187）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the effect of a KABP-based nursing model combined with systematic oral health education on postoperative care of dental implants in patients with periodontal disease. Methods A total of 96 patients who underwent oral implant restoration at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to June 2022 were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n=48) and an intervention group (n=48) using a random number table. The control group received systematic oral health education, while the intervention group received a KABP-based educational intervention. Outcome measures included peri-implan indices, cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α), disease knowledge awareness, compliance with professional oral maintenance, incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and patient satisfaction. Results Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in peri-implant indices (BI, PLI, PD), cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α), or disease knowledge awareness between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the peri-implant indices and cytokine levels were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05), while disease knowledge awareness and compliance with professional oral maintenance were significantly higher (P<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05), and patient satisfaction with the restoration was higher in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of a KABP-based nursing model combined with systematic oral health education can effectively improve peri-implant indices, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, enhance disease knowledge awareness, improve compliance with professional oral maintenance, and increase patient satisfaction following dental implant therapy in patients with periodontal disease. Furthermore, it can decrease the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the effect of surface treatment on osseointegration of dental implants Wang Yingjie, Wang Mengxue, Cao Yu, Xu Ziman, Xu Yuou, Liu Lehua Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 405-411.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.013 Abstract （524）      PDF （1333KB）（2084）       Knowledge map    Save Osseointegration of implants is defined as the direct structural and functional connection between a loaded implant and the surrounding ordered bone tissue. This process is complex, involving the interactions among multiple cell types. Osteoblasts adhere to, proliferate on, and differentiate at the implant surface, and through a sequence of biological processes, they facilitate the integration of the implant with the adjacent bone tissue—an event pivotal to osseointegration. Robust osseointegration enhances implant stability, reduces the risk of infection, and thereby increases the success rate of restoration and improving patients’ quality of life. However, studies indicate that diabetes can impede the osseointegration process and lower the implant success rate. To enhance osseointegration in diabetic patients, researchers have developed a variety of novel materials and techniques, including continuous antibacterial materials, biological factor sustained-release materials and surface modification techniques. Among these, implant surface treatment has attracted significant attention due to its ability to improve osseointegration performance while enhancing biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. This article reviews the principles and efficacy of various implant surface treatment methods, such as mechanical treatments, coating technologies, and biomaterial scaffolds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tilted implants in rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla Guo Houzuo, Di Ping Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 234-242.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.006 Abstract （495）      PDF （1397KB）（2033）       Knowledge map    Save Edentulous maxillary patients often face the clinical challenge of insufficient residual bone volume during implant rehabilitation. By optimizing the three-dimensional positioning of implants, the tilted implantation technique maximizes the utilization of existing anatomical bone structures while avoiding the risks associated with bone augmentation procedures, thereby achieving favorable primary stability. Compared to traditional bone grafting protocols, this approach significantly reduces surgical trauma and supports immediate loading, effectively shortening the overall treatment duration. With advancements in oral implantology, tilted implantation has demonstrated significant clinical advantages in the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla. This article systematically reviewed the application progress of the tilted implantation technique in maxillary edentulous rehabilitation from the perspectives of clinical indications, surgical protocols, and clinical prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive sequential treatment of peri-implantitis based on etiological analysis: a case report Yang Rui, Xu Zhijie Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 161-168.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.010 Abstract （432）      PDF （1682KB）（2033）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease of the peri-implant soft and hard tissues, primarily caused by plaque biofilms and influenced by multiple factors. This article presents the comprehensive sequential treatment process and follow-up results of a patient with peri-implantitis and discusses the optimal treatment approach. In this case, the implant prosthesis was first removed for non-surgical treatment to preliminarily control the infection, followed by bone regenerative surgery to reconstruct peri-implant bone tissue. Subsequently, free gingival grafting was performed to improve peri-implant soft tissue conditions, and the prosthesis morphology was adjusted and reinserted. Throughout the treatment and follow-up periods, both self-maintenance and professional maintenance were emphasized. After a 2-year follow-up, the peri-implant gingival redness, swelling, and suppuration subsided, the deep periodontal pockets resolved, and alveolar bone regeneration was achieved and maintained, resulting in a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the utilization of sticky bone in bone regeneration Liang Yixin, Qu Zhe Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (2): 111-117.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.04.004 Abstract （710）      PDF （1622KB）（1963）       Knowledge map    Save The high concentrations of growth factors within platelets have been proven to promote cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis during the regeneration process. Multiple efforts have been exerted to blend them with bone substitute materials, to fabricate "sticky bone" for easier manipulation by surgeons. While autologous and allogeneic bone grafts are limited by donor site availability and biocompatibility issues, synthetic bone grafts exhibit significant advantages in terms of biocompatibility. The integration of growth factors into these porous synthetic grafts can effectively stimulate cell growth and differentiation, thereby enhancing osteogenic potential. This paper reviews the research and advancements in sticky bone for bone regeneration, elaborating on the fabrication and characterization of sticky bone materials. Moreover, it also highlights the promising outcomes and benefits of sticky bone in bone defect regeneration, substantiated by clinical data from both domestic and international studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites and implant surgery Shao Zhiwen, Zhu Hanjiu, Song Yingliang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 453-458.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.010 Abstract （1222）      PDF （1390KB）（1917）       Knowledge map    Save Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction can reduce or even prevent alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue collapse during the healing process. This helps avoid complex soft and hard tissue augmentation procedures and provides good soft and hard tissue conditions for implant surgery. While conventional alveolar ridge preservation techniques have been widely applied and have shown predictable outcomes, there is still no standardized protocol for alveolar ridge preservation in cases where teeth are extracted due to periodontitis or periapical inflammation. To improve the success rate of alveolar ridge preservation in these inflammatory extraction sites, it is necessary to understand the various influencing factors of alveolar ridge preservation. This review discusses the indications for alveolar ridge preservation in inflammatory extraction sites, the impact of inflammation on alveolar ridge preservation, the key steps of this technique, and the timing of implant placement. It also shares experiences and techniques to optimize treatment outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of zygomatic implantation: technological evolution and clinical application Chen Jingxia, Zhou Yanmin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 250-254.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.008 Abstract （457）      PDF （1364KB）（1892）       Knowledge map    Save Zygomatic implantation, a clinical solution for patients with severe maxillary atrophy, overcomes the limitations of traditional implant procedures and enables the combined retention of maxilla-zygomatic implants. This paper systematically reviews the development of zygomatic implant technology, focusing on its application in the restoration of complex maxillary bone defects, the evolution of indications, and innovative treatment strategies. The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis and clinical support for precision treatment in the field of oral and maxillofacial repair. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusal design of implant restorations Wang Qianchen, Cao Ye, Ge Yanjun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 399-404.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.012 Abstract （451）      PDF （1336KB）（1846）       Knowledge map    Save Dental implant restoration is one of the primary methods for repairing dentition defects and edentulism, and its occlusal design is a critical factor influencing the restoration outcome and the implant success rate. Due to the differences in biomechanical properties between dental implants and natural teeth, the rational distribution of occlusal forces becomes a key issue in implant restoration design. This review begins with the differences between implant prostheses and natural teeth, analyzes the association between occlusal forces and peri-implant bone resorption, as well as mechanical complications, and summarizes the occlusal design principles for different types of implant restorations, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Bloom’s Taxonomy in the standardized residency training program for implant dentistry Li Fulong, Deng Yu, Tian Sirui, Gao Jing, Zhao Baohong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 610-615.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.026 Abstract （474）      PDF （1783KB）（1840）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effectiveness of applying Bloom’s Taxonomy in the standardized training of oral implantology residents and evaluate its impact on the knowledge, skills, and clinical practice abilities of the trainees. Methods A total of 33 residents who completed a clinical rotation in the oral implantology department from January to July 2023 were selected as the control group (traditional teaching mode), while 31 residents who rotated in the same department from January to July 2024 were selected as the experimental group (Bloom's Taxonomy-based teaching). Data were collected one month before the completion of the training program, including knowledge tests, skill assessments, and evaluations of clinical performance, to assess the teaching effectiveness of both approaches. Results Residents trained with Bloom’s Taxonomy demonstrated significant improvements in both theoretical assessments and practical skill operations. The experimental group showed a notable increase in theoretical knowledge (control group score: 34.97±3.26, experimental group score: 42.32±3.42, P<0.001) and enhanced ability to apply clinical case analysis (control group score: 39.24±2.56, experimental group score: 43.03±2.36, P<0.001). Moreover, the experimental group performed better in medical history collection, clinical examination, treatment planning, medical record documentation, and procedural skills (control group total score: 74.13±5.08, experimental group total score: 80.77±6.10, P<0.001). Conclusion The application of Bloom's Taxonomy positively enhances the standardized training of implant dentistry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in pseudo-periosteum formation under titanium mesh assisted guided bone regeneration Yang Minxue, Li Dize, Chen Tao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 35-39.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.007 Abstract （660）      PDF （1429KB）（1811）       Knowledge map    Save In addressing complex bone defects, titanium mesh, as one of the non-absorbable barrier membranes, plays a key role in space maintenance. After surgery, a dense fibrous connective tissue, known as pseudo-periosteum, often forms on the surface of the newly formed bone. This tissue can be categorized into three types based on its thickness. The formation of the pseudo-periosteum is closely associated with the use of titanium mesh, and its formation remains unavoidable even with the use of 3D printing individualized titanium mesh. The factors influencing the formation of the pseudo-periosteum are not yet fully understood, but may be include variables such as micromotion of the titanium mesh and pore size. In clinical applications, the pseudo-periosteum has certain value in soft tissue augmentation and protection of new bone, but some researchers argue that it may occupy bone-forming space, and whether it should be retained remains controversial. Currently, the formation mechanism, anatomical and histological characteristics, clinical value, and retention controversies of the pseudo-periosteum have not been comprehensively and systematically elucidated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the formation, histological characteristics, clinical applications, and retention controversies of the pseudo-periosteum under titanium mesh, with the goal of offering guidance and reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration in oral applications Li Guangda, Ding Mingchao, Chang Xin, Jing Boya, Wang Jingfu, Wang Weiqi Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 288-295.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.014 Abstract （643）      PDF （1397KB）（1782）       Knowledge map    Save Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a standard clinical approach for the treatment of localized jawbone defects. In this process, barrier membranes play an important role by preventing the migration of soft tissue from the mucosal side into the bone defect area, thereby maintaining a secluded space for bone regeneration. The biological properties and clinical performance of different membranes vary depending on their origin, fabrication methods, and structural characteristics. This paper summarizes the biological functions and mechanisms of commonly used barrier membranes in GBR, with a particular focus on the properties of different membrane types. The advantages and limitations of these biomaterials are discussed, along with their clinical applications and potential directions for future material development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy comparison of freehand, dynamic navigation, and robot-assisted implant placement Liu Haiyan, Zheng Yuchen, Ding Yude, Yang Fan, Wang Linhong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 341-348.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.003 Abstract （598）      PDF （1864KB）（1705）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the differences in precision among various techniques in implant surgery by comparing the accuracy of freehand, dynamic navigation-assisted, and robot-assisted implant placement. Methods Patients who underwent implant surgery at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into freehand, dynamic navigation, and robotic groups. Implant accuracy was assessed by comparing preoperative CBCT-designed implant positions with actual postoperative CBCT implant positions. Results A total of 87 cases (96 implants) were included in this study, including 30 cases (31 implants) in the freehand group, 28 cases (36 implants) in the dynamic navigation group, and 29 cases (29 implants) in the robot group. In the robot group, the total deviation at the starting point (0.91±0.46) mm, endpoint (1.05±0.61) mm, and angular deviation (3.07°±1.69°) were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(1.42±0.86) mm, (2.00±1.18) mm, and 7.78°±3.58°] and the dynamic navigation group [(1.32±0.57) mm, (1.64±0.77) mm, and 4.59°±2.65°]. Conclusion Robot-assisted implantation demonstrates significant advantages in terms of precision when compared to dynamic navigation and freehand implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the clinic application of dental post-processing module of cone beam CT images within the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) Zheng Hao, Pan Xiao, Lin Zitong Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 40-46.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.008 Abstract （568）      PDF （1523KB）（1705）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical application of a dental post-processing module for cone beam CT (CBCT) images embedded within the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for preoperative implant evaluation. Methods A PACS-embedded dental post-processing module, including curved planar reformation (CPR) and continuous multi-axis dental reconstruction, was developed. A total of 270 CBCT images from implant patients in our hospital (scanned using three different CBCT systems, 90 cases per system) were analyzed by a radiologist for bone volume assessment. Method1 used CBCT digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) data uploaded to PACS, applying the embedded dental post-processing module for reconstruction and measurement. Method2 utilized CD-ROM data exported from each CBCT device along with the corresponding built-in image processing software. The durations of image upload, opening, post-processing, and total time for both methods were recorded and statistically analyzed. Consistency in bone volume measurements was assessed, and a questionnaire on user satisfaction was completed by 10 radiologists and implantologists. Results Significant differences in image processing times were observed between the two methods for all three CBCT systems. Method1 significantly reduced total processing time compared to Method2 (P<0.001), with consistent bone volume measurement results between the two methods. User satisfaction surveys indicated that Method1 was superior to Method2 (P<0.001). Conclusion The PACS-embedded post-processing module is suitable for CBCT image analysis and measurement in implant patients, significantly enhancing clinical efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of probiotics in the management of peri-implant diseases Li Meiqi, Sun Xiaolin, Wang Lin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 91-96.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.016 Abstract （474）      PDF （1434KB）（1686）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implant diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions caused by microbial dysbiosis, primarily manifesting as soft tissue inflammation and supporting bone destruction, which can lead to implant loss. Due to their high prevalence and complex etiology, these diseases have emerged as significant public health concerns. Current treatments mainly rely on traditional methods such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy; however, these approaches have notable limitations. In recent years, probiotics have garnered attention as an emerging biological therapy due to their potential to regulate the microbiome and immune response, showing promise in the prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases. This review provides an overview of the current applications of probiotics in peri-implant diseases, analyzes their mechanisms of action, and summarizes existing clinical research findings. The goal is to provide new insights for improving treatment outcomes in peri-implant diseases, ultimately aiming to offer patients a more comprehensive oral health management strategy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Causes, treatment, and prevention of mucoperiosteal perforation during lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation Su Yucheng, Ren Bin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 512-518.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.008 Abstract （509）      PDF （1851KB）（1655）       Knowledge map    Save Following maxillary posterior tooth loss, the residual bone height and width are often compromised due to maxillary sinus pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption. The lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation is a common procedure to address vertical bone deficiencies in this region. Intraoperative mucoperiosteal perforation is the most frequent complication encountered, posing a challenge for every implant surgeon. This article reviews the diagnosis, causes, treatment strategies, and prevention of mucoperiosteal perforation during lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation, aiming to provide clinicians with practical insights for managing this complication. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implant restoration of horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency in the right mandibular molar region using ridge split combined with GBR: a case report Xu Wei, Liu Jianzhong, Wang Yujiang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 388-392.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.010 Abstract （472）      PDF （1831KB）（1622）       Knowledge map    Save This paper report a case of delayed implantation using staged ridge split combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) in a patient with a knife-edge alveolar ridge due to free-end edentulism in the posterior mandible. For a patient with insufficient alveolar ridge crest width in the mandible who met the indications for ridge splitting, a two-stage ridge split was performed. The first surgery involved splitting the cortical bone to promote bone remodeling. One month later, a second ridge split was carried out with simultaneous implant placement, combined with GBR to achieve horizontal ridge augmentation. The horizontal alveolar bone width increased by 4~5 mm, meeting clinical requirements for implantation while reducing the risk of buccolingual implant exposure, minimizing surgical trauma, and shortening the treatment period. However, a two-year follow-up revealed buccal bone plate resorption in the surgical area at a rate of 0.1~0.3 mm/year. The staged ridge split technique provides a treatment option for patients with severe horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency (width≤3 mm) in the posterior mandible, but attention should be paid to the issue of long-term bone resorption. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role and mechanism of the Wnt/Ca2+/CaMKⅡsignaling pathway in osteogenic regulation and diabetic bone metabolism disorders Ding Jiaqi, Zhou Wenjuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 305-311.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.016 Abstract （366）      PDF （1381KB）（1588）       Knowledge map    Save Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder, is closely associated with disrupted bone metabolic homeostasis, which can impair osteoblast function through various molecular pathways, ultimately leading to abnormal bone metabolism. Additionally, diabetic oxidative stress can severely impair the process of new bone formation, leading to compromised osseointegration of the implant and even implant failure. Among these pathways, the Wnt/Ca2+/CaMKⅡ signaling axis plays a pivotal role in regulating osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix synthesis, and bone remodeling, all of which are essential processes in bone formation. This review systematically examines the impact of the Wnt/Ca2+/CaMKⅡ pathway on bone metabolic homeostasis in diabetic conditions, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic bone metabolism disorders. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential of the Wnt/Ca2+/CaMKⅡpathway as a promising therapeutic target for managing diabetes-related bone lesions, providing novel insights into the intervention strategies for metabolic bone diseases and impaired osseointegration of dental implants in diabetic patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autonomous dental implant robot (ADIR) combined with bone condensing drills used for transcrestal maxillary sinus elevation simultaneously implant placement: a case report Chen Na, Chen Tao, Huang Yuanding Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 74-80.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.013 Abstract （760）      PDF （2106KB）（1575）       Knowledge map    Save A patient who underwent extraction of the upper left first molar due to crown-root fracture three months ago requested implant restoration. CBCT examination revealed insufficient residual alveolar bone height and low bone density at the edentulous site. In this case, an autonomous dental implant robot, combined with an bone condensing drilling kit, based on machine vision and a force servo control system, was used to simultaneously perform bone condensing, transalveolar maxillary sinus floor elevation, and implant placement under the precise guidance of the robotic arm. During surgery, there was no perforation of the maxillary sinus membrane, and the implant initial stability was excellent, with errors at the platform and apex less than 1mm and angular error less than 2°. There were no complications such as postoperative maxillary sinus infection. A follow-up CBCT examination six months after the operation showed good osseointegration of the implant, with a height increase of the maxillary sinus ranging from 3 to 5 mm, a volume increase of 291.47 mm³, and an IST value of 77. The second stage, including gingivoplasty, implant restorative impression, and final upper prosthetic restoration, was completed following standard procedures. This case presents a digital guidance method for implant surgery using an autonomous dental implant robot for sinus floor elevation, Bone condensing, and implant placement in cases of posterior maxillary tooth loss with low bone density and insufficient vertical bone volume. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical retrospective study of bone ring technique for 3-dimensional bone augmentation in implant restoration Chen Gang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (5): 429-434.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.10.006 Abstract （834）      PDF （1750KB）（1567）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy and key points of the bone ring technique for three-dimensional bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in cases of single-tooth loss with bone defects. Methods A retrospective review of cases from August 2010 to February 2023 at the Department of Dentistry, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, and U-dental Clinic in Shenzhen, where patients with single-tooth vertical bone defects were treated using the autogenous bone ring technique with simultaneous implant placement. Second-stage surgeries were performed 6 months postoperatively for final restorations. Complications, bone augmentation outcomes, implant failures, and postoperative bone resorption were assessed through clinical and radiographic evaluations. Results 167 teeth were treated with the bone ring technique. 2 implants failed before restoration, and 4 bone rings failed during the healing period. No further implant failures were observed after restoration. Of the 36 patients with complete CBCT data, the average vertical bone gain was (4.52±0.81) mm. Average vertical bone resorption was (0.25±0.11) mm at 6 months post-surgery and (0.52±0.23) mm at 1 year after final restoration. Conclusion The bone ring technique, when applied to cases with sufficient basal bone and vertical bone defects, is an effective method for achieving vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. It demonstrates a high implant success rate and low complication rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of implant placement during the early healing phase following lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation: a prospective controlled clinical trial Zhou Wenjie, Wu Yiqun Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2024, 29 (6): 524-530.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2024.12.010 Abstract （321）      PDF （2175KB）（1473）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the feasibility of implant placement during the early healing phase following the lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation (LSFE) by evaluating the osteogenesis effects and implant survival rates. Methods Patients with posterior maxillary edentulism and severe alveolar bone atrophy (VBH≤4 mm) requiring LSFE and delayed implant placement were recruited. LSFE was performed using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) as the sole graft material. Patients were divided into four groups based on healing duration: 4~5 months, 6~7 months, 8~9 months, and ≥10 months. Bone biopsies were obtained from implant sites during the second-stage surgery. The primary outcome was the percentage of vital bone (VB%) in bone biopsies, and the secondary outcome was the 1-year implant survival rate. Results From September 2017 to December 2020, 146 patients (160 maxillary sinuses) underwent LSFE and delayed implantation, with 275 implants placed. Ninety-five complete bone biopsies were obtained. Three implants failed in two patients (all in the 4~5 months group), resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 98.91% (272/275). The implant survival rate in the 4~5 months group was 95.31% (61/64), which was lower than that of other groups (100%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.18). Histomorphometric analysis showed that the proportion of vital bone increased slowly with longer healing durations, with a statistical difference observed between the ≥10 months group and the 4~5 months group (P=0.02). However, no statistical differences in the percentages of residual DBBM or non-mineralized tissue were found among the groups (P=0.23, P=0.81). Conclusion With prolonged healing time, the proportion of vital bone increased slowly. No significant differences were found in new bone formation between 4 to 9 months after LSFE, while a statistically significant increase was noted at ≥10 months compared to the 4~5 months group. These findings suggest that implant placement at 4~9 months post-LSFE provides comparable bone quality, with implantation at 4 months offering the benefit of a shorter treatment duration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the construction of murine experimental model of peri-implantitis Sun Yuxin, Shi Bin, Wu Tao Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 281-287.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.013 Abstract （390）      PDF （1369KB）（1468）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implantitis is one of the most intractable complications in dental implant treatment, which is also the key factor for implant failure. The construction of relevant animal experimental models that can accurately simulate the pathological features of peri-implantitis is crucial for in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis. This review systematically collates the research progress in recent years on the establishment of murine experimental models of peri-implantitis. The content encompasses the scientific selection of experimental animals, the application of innovative modeling methods, modeling time, the accurate evaluation of modeling outcome indicators, and an in-depth analysis of key factors such as success rate. The aim is to provide more comprehensive and accurate references for researchers in this field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres in repairing femoral condylar bone defects in rabbits Zhang Guoliang, Wang Jianguo, Zhang Hongyu, Zhang Shuangsheng, Wu Jiang Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 331-340.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.002 Abstract （510）      PDF （2583KB）（1377）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the possibility of GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres as bone regeneration materials, a critical bone defect model of the rabbit femoral condyle was established to access bone regeneration in vivo. Methods Composite microspheres were prepared by the ionic gel-drip method, and the prepared GO/ZnO microspheres, nHAp microspheres, and GO/ZnO/nHAp microspheres were implanted into three groups of experimental rabbit femoral condyle standard critical bone defect models, with a blank control group. The animals were killed in batches at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the operation, and the samples were taken completely for evaluation. Gross observation, X-ray film, CBCT detection, qPCR, Western blot, hard histological section, and HE staining of liver and kidney pathology were carried out to explore the osteogenesis and osseointegration of implanted materials. Results At 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, the results of X-ray, CBCT, qPCR and Western blot in the GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microsphere group were significantly better than those in GO/ZnO and nHAp microspheres group at the same time point. The comparison of the experimental results of the qPCR, Western blot and hard tissue section showed that there were statistically significant differences among the three microspheres in promoting bone formation (P<0.05). Conclusion GO/ZnO, nHAp, and GO/ZnO/nHAp all have good biocompatibility and osteogenic activity. GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres can effectively repair the bone defect of rabbit femoral condyle, and their in vivo bone conduction and bone induction properties are superior to GO/ZnO microspheres and nHAp microspheres, which have potential application value in bone defect repair materials. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Peri-implant diseases based on microdysbiosis and intervention strategies Chen Gang, Zhao Xin, Zhong Fei, Gu Hongzheng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (3): 296-304.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.06.015 Abstract （396）      PDF （1476KB）（1358）       Knowledge map    Save Peri-implant disease is a chronic inflammation condition affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, primarily caused by bacterial infection. It is categorized into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Oral microbial dysbiosis plays an important role that is characterized by alterations in microbial composition and function. In linking the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases to microdysbiosis, current microbiome research faces several challenges: elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving the initiation and persistence of dysregulated microbiome structure, discerning causal host-microbiome relationships, and expounding secondary microbial changes during disease progression. In this review, we systematically classify dysbiosis from a conceptual perspective, outlining its immunological associations across category. We further elaborate on the causes of bacterial dysbiosis and analyze its potential impact on clinical treatment strategies. At the molecular level, understanding the origins, intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, environmental regulatory factors, and downstream effects of oral microdysbiosis may facilitate the development of microbiome-targeted therapies against peri-implant diseases. This research direction holds significant importance for promoting precision medicine in the context of peri-implant diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Materials and surgical procedures for keratinized tissue augmentation at implant sites Wan Peng Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (6): 541-548.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.12.006 Abstract （363）      PDF （1666KB）（1334）       Knowledge map    Save The clinical significance of peri-implant keratinized tissue (KT) has long been a matter of debate. Some studies indicate that the absence of peri-implant KT is not significantly associated with plaque control, peri-implant health status, or marginal bone loss. However, an increasing number of investigations have demonstrated that KT deficiency can promote plaque accumulation, leading to bleeding on probing (BOP), increased probing depth, mucosal recession, and even marginal bone loss. The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions concluded that no consensus has yet been reached regarding the minimum width of KT required to maintain peri-implant health and prevent peri-implant diseases. In recent years, a growing body of implant-specific evidence has highlighted the critical role of KT in the long-term stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Currently, commonly used clinical approaches for peri-implant KT augmentation include a standalone apically repositioned flap (APF), APF combined with an autologous free gingival graft (FGG), and APF combined with a xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM). Among these, FGG is regarded as the gold standard for peri-implant KT augmentation because of its predictable outcomes; however, it requires a second surgical site and is associated with a relatively high risk of complications. Consequently, alternative substitute materials have been actively explored in an attempt to reduce patient morbidity while maintaining clinical efficacy. This article systematically reviews the key surgical steps, clinical outcomes, and indications of the main techniques used for peri-implant KT augmentation, providing both evidence-based and experience-based guidance for clinical decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the dual-zone therapeutic technique in flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration in the aesthetic zone: a 7-year follow-up case report Zhang Jia, Sun Xianyin, Yang Yundong, Xiao Huijuan Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (4): 377-383.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.08.008 Abstract （370）      PDF （1799KB）（1319）       Knowledge map    Save This case report evaluates the clinical outcomes of the dual-zone therapeutic technique in flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration in the maxillary anterior aesthetic zone. A 47-year-old female patient presented with an irreparable crown-root fracture of the upper right central incisor caused by trauma. Following minimally invasive tooth extraction, flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration were performed using the dual-zone therapeutic technique. A personalized impression was taken 7 months postoperatively, and a screw-retained zirconia crown was delivered. Over a 7-year follow-up, the aesthetic outcome remained stable, and the patient reported high satisfaction. CBCT and standardized periapical radiographs taken with the paralleling technique showed a stable marginal bone level and sufficient labial bone thickness. Digital intraoral scans confirmed well-maintained labial contour without significant collapse or resorption. This case suggests that, with strict case selection and standardized protocols, the dual-zone therapeutic technique can achieve long-term stability and favorable aesthetic outcomes in cases of flapless immediate implant placement and immediate restoration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Causes, prevention and treatment of titanium mesh exposure after 3D printing individualized titanium mesh supported guided bone regeneration Su Yucheng, Ren Bin Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology    2025, 30 (1): 5-12.   DOI: 10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2025.02.003 Abstract （1018）      PDF （1665KB）（1300）       Knowledge map    Save 3D printing individualized titanium mesh serves as a space maintenance device, effectively creating and maintaining osteogenic space, reducing intraoperative time and the difficulty of surgery. It is a reliable bone augmentation solution for various types of alveolar ridge bone defects. However, during clinical application, postoperative titanium mesh exposure is the most common complication and requires clinicians' attention. This article elaborates on the causes, prevention, and treatment of postoperative titanium mesh exposure in guided bone regeneration supported by 3D-PITM, with the aim of providing clinical reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics