Abstract: Peri-implant disease is a chronic inflammation condition affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, primarily caused by bacterial infection. It is categorized into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Oral microbial dysbiosis plays an important role that is characterized by alterations in microbial composition and function. In linking the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases to microdysbiosis, current microbiome research faces several challenges: elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving the initiation and persistence of dysregulated microbiome structure, discerning causal host-microbiome relationships, and expounding secondary microbial changes during disease progression. In this review, we systematically classify dysbiosis from a conceptual perspective, outlining its immunological associations across category. We further elaborate on the causes of bacterial dysbiosis and analyze its potential impact on clinical treatment strategies. At the molecular level, understanding the origins, intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, environmental regulatory factors, and downstream effects of oral microdysbiosis may facilitate the development of microbiome-targeted therapies against peri-implant diseases. This research direction holds significant importance for promoting precision medicine in the context of peri-implant diseases.

Key words: Peri-implant mucositis, Peri-implantitis, Oral pathogenic bacteria, Prevention and control measures, Dysbiosis