Abstract: Peri-implant diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions caused by microbial dysbiosis, primarily manifesting as soft tissue inflammation and supporting bone destruction, which can lead to implant loss. Due to their high prevalence and complex etiology, these diseases have emerged as significant public health concerns. Current treatments mainly rely on traditional methods such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy; however, these approaches have notable limitations. In recent years, probiotics have garnered attention as an emerging biological therapy due to their potential to regulate the microbiome and immune response, showing promise in the prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases. This review provides an overview of the current applications of probiotics in peri-implant diseases, analyzes their mechanisms of action, and summarizes existing clinical research findings. The goal is to provide new insights for improving treatment outcomes in peri-implant diseases, ultimately aiming to offer patients a more comprehensive oral health management strategy.

Key words: Probiotics, Peri-implantitis, Oral microbiota, Anti-inflammatory mechanisms, Clinical applications