Abstract: Objective To explore the application of a virtual simulation training system in the teaching of lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation for undergraduate dental students. Methods Sixty fourth-year undergraduate students from the School of Stomatology, Tongji University, were recruited between January 2023 and June 2024 and randomly assigned to either the traditional teaching group or the virtual simulation teaching group. The traditional teaching group received instruction through multimedia presentations and instructional videos, whereas the virtual simulation teaching group utilized a self-developed virtual simulation training system. Both groups underwent assessments of theoretical knowledge and clinical skills. A survey questionnaire was administered to evaluate teaching effectiveness. Results The students in the virtual simulation teaching group achieved significantly higher scores in both the theoretical examination and clinical skills assessment compared to those in the traditional teaching group (P<0.05). The survey results indicated that the virtual simulation-based course was superior in increasing students' learning interests and capabilities, improving clinical skills and critical thinking, and enhancing self-confidence compared to the traditional teaching method. Conclusion The implementation of the virtual simulation training system significantly improves undergraduate dental students' understanding of theoretical knowledge and proficiency in clinical skills related to lateral window technique for sinus floor elevation. Additionally, it enhances students' learning motivation and self-confidence, making it an effective educational approach.

Key words: Virtual simulation training system, Sinus floor elevation, Oral implantology, Teaching methods