The influence of anatomical characteristics of the alveolar bone on the outcome of guided bone regeneration in the aesthetic zone

doi:10.12337/zgkqzzxzz.2023.02.009

Abstract

Abstract: The implantation in the aesthetic zone is often accompanied by bone augmentation surgery to acquire enough peri-implant bone volume. Meanwhile, bone augmentation may achieve greater contour morphology and lay a solid foundation for soft tissue aesthetic effects. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) is the most common bone augmentation surgery performed in the aesthetic zone and has a satisfactory clinical outcome. Considerable literatures have discussed the factors influencing the postoperative effects of GBR, including factors associated with patients and surgery. This review focuses on the patient-related local factors, summarizing the evidence about the anatomical characteristics of the alveolar bone. We discuss the relationship between the anatomical characteristics of the alveolar bone and postoperative outcome of GBR, including the morphology of alveolar bone defect, the initial bone volume, the blood supply of alveolar bone at the implant sites, and the characteristics of the extraction socket in immediate implant placement, to provide a reference for the treatment planning for patients with bone defects in the aesthetic area and for the long-term prognosis of GBR.

Key words: Guided bone regeneration, Aesthetic zone, Alveolar bone defect, Immediate implant placement

Xu Yifan, Ye Ying. The influence of anatomical characteristics of the alveolar bone on the outcome of guided bone regeneration in the aesthetic zone[J]. Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology, 2023, 28(1): 47-52.

References

[1] Belser UC, Schmid B, Higginbottom F, et al. Outcome analysis of implant restorations located in the anterior maxilla: a review of the recent literature[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2004,19 Suppl:30-42.
[2] Tischler M.Dental implants in the aesthetic zone[J]. Dent Today, 2017,36(1):90.
[3] Brügger OE, Bornstein MM, Kuchler U, et al.Implant therapy in a surgical specialty clinic: an analysis of patients, indications, surgical procedures, risk factors, and early failures[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2015,30(1):151-160. DOI: 10.11607/jomi.3769.
[4] Chiapasco M, Zaniboni M. Clinical outcomes of GBR procedures to correct peri-implant dehiscences and fenestrations: a systematic review[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2009,20 Suppl 4:113-123. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01781.x.
[5] Buser D, Dula K, Belser U, et al.Localized ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration. 1. surgical procedure in the maxilla[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1993,13(1):29-45.
[6] de Santana RB, de Mattos CM, Francischone CE, et al. Superficial topography and porosity of an absorbable barrier membrane impacts soft tissue response in guided bone regeneration[J]. J Periodontol, 2010,81(6):926-933. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090592.
[7] De Angelis N, Felice P, Pellegrino G, et al.Guided bone regeneration with and without a bone substitute at single post-extractive implants: 1-year post-loading results from a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial[J]. Eur J Oral Implantol, 2011,4(4):313-325.
[8] Dai Y, Han XH, Hu LH, et al.Efficacy of concentrated growth factors combined with mineralized collagen on quality of life and bone reconstruction of guided bone regeneration[J]. Regen Biomater, 2020,7(3):313-320. DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa007.
[9] Wang HL, Boyapati L."Pass" principles for predictable bone regeneration[J]. Implant Dent, 2006,15(1):8-17. DOI: 10.1097/01.id.0000204762.39826.0f.
[10] Greenstein G, Cavallaro J, Tarnow D.Practical application of anatomy for the dental implant surgeon[J]. J Periodontol, 2008,79(10):1833-1846. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080086.
[11] Khojasteh A, Motamedian SR, Sharifzadeh N, et al.The influence of initial alveolar ridge defect morphology on the outcome of implants in augmented atrophic posterior mandible: an exploratory retrospective study[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2017,28(10):e208-e217. DOI: 10.1111/clr.12991.
[12] Benic GI, Hämmerle CH.Horizontal bone augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration[J]. Periodontol 2000, 2014,66(1):13-40. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12039.
[13] Cordaro L, Terheyden H.Ridge augmentation procedures in implant patients-a staged approach. ITI treatment guide, vol 7[M]. Berlin: Quintessence, 2014: 84-85.
[14] Rothamel D, Ehrl P, Fürst U, et al.Cologne classification of alveolar ridge defects (CCARD)[C]. Munich:8th European Consensus Conference of BDIZ EDI, 2013.
[15] Li Y, Zhang XM, Qian SJ, et al.The influence of initial defect morphology of alveolar ridge on volumetric change of grafted bone following guided bone regeneration in the anterior maxilla region: an exploratory retrospective study[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2020,8(23):1592. DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1432.
[16] Garaicoa C, Suarez F, Fu JH, et al.Using cone beam computed tomography angle for predicting the outcome of horizontal bone augmentation[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2015,17(4):717-723. DOI: 10.1111/cid.12174.
[17] Park SH, Brooks SL, Oh TJ, et al.Effect of ridge morphology on guided bone regeneration outcome: conventional tomographic study[J]. J Periodontol, 2009,80(8):1231-1236. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090090.
[18] Naenni N, Lim HC, Papageorgiou SN, et al. Efficacy of lateral bone augmentation prior to implant placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Periodontol, 2019,46 Suppl 21:287-306. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13052.
[19] Feher B, Frommlet F, Ulm C, et al.Preoperative buccal bone volume predicts long-term graft retention following augmentation in the esthetic zone: a retrospective case series[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2022,33(5):492-500. DOI: 10.1111/clr.13909.
[20] Bouckaert E, De Bruyckere T, Eghbali A, et al.A randomized controlled trial comparing guided bone regeneration to connective tissue graft to re-establish buccal convexity at dental implant sites: three-year results[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2022,33(5):461-471. DOI: 10.1111/clr.13906.
[21] de Elío Oliveros J, Del Canto Díaz A, Del Canto Díaz M, et al. Alveolar bone density and width affect primary implant stability[J]. J Oral Implantol, 2020,46(4):389-395. DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-19-00028.
[22] Ohiomoba H, Sonis A, Yansane A, et al.Quantitative evaluation of maxillary alveolar cortical bone thickness and density using computed tomography imaging[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2017,151(1):82-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.05.015.
[23] Oliveira MR, Gonçalves A, Gabrielli M, et al.Radiographic evaluation in the diagnosis of alveolar bone quality in implant rehabilitation[J]. J Craniofac Surg, 2020,31(6):1805-1808. DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006755.
[24] Greenstein G, Greenstein B, Cavallaro J, et al.The role of bone decortication in enhancing the results of guided bone regeneration: a literature review[J]. J Periodontol, 2009,80(2):175-189. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080309.
[25] Majzoub Z, Berengo M, Giardino R, et al.Role of intramarrow penetration in osseous repair: a pilot study in the rabbit calvaria[J]. J Periodontol, 1999,70(12):1501-1510. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.12.1501.
[26] Schmid J, Wallkamm B, Hämmerle CH, et al.The significance of angiogenesis in guided bone regeneration. A case report of a rabbit experiment[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 1997,8(3):244-248. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080311.x.
[27] Nishimura I, Shimizu Y, Ooya K.Effects of cortical bone perforation on experimental guided bone regeneration[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2004,15(3):293-300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01001.x.
[28] Shimoji S, Miyaji H, Sugaya T, et al.Bone perforation and placement of collagen sponge facilitate bone augmentation[J]. J Periodontol, 2009,80(3):505-511. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080511.
[29] Frost HM.The biology of fracture healing. an overview for clinicians. part I[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989,(248):283-293.
[30] Canto FR, Garcia SB, Issa JP, et al.Influence of decortication of the recipient graft bed on graft integration and tissue neoformation in the graft-recipient bed interface[J]. Eur Spine J, 2008,17(5):706-714. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0642-9.
[31] Danesh Sani SA, Tarnow D, Yip JK, et al.The influence of cortical bone perforation on guided bone regeneration in humans[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017, 46(2): 261-266. DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2016.10.017.
[32] Lee SH, Lim P, Yoon HJ.The influence of cortical perforation on guided bone regeneration using synthetic bone substitutes: a study of rabbit cranial defects[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2014,29(2):464-471. DOI: 10.11607/jomi.3221.
[33] Min S, Sato S, Murai M, et al.Effects of marrow penetration on bone augmentation within a titanium cap in rabbit calvarium[J]. J Periodontol, 2007,78(10):1978-1984. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070086.
[34] Lazzara RJ.Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1989,9(5):332-343.
[35] Mello CC, Lemos C, Verri FR, et al.Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017,46(9):1162-1177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.016.
[36] Naji BM, Abdelsameaa SS, Alqutaibi AY, et al.Immediate dental implant placement with a horizontal gap more than two millimetres: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2021,50(5):683-690. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.08.015.
[37] Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Morimoto T, et al.Facial gingival tissue stability after connective tissue graft with single immediate tooth replacement in the esthetic zone: consecutive case report[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2009,67(11 Suppl):40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.004.
[38] Morton D, Chen ST, Martin WC, et al. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding optimizing esthetic outcomes in implant dentistry[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2014,29 Suppl:216-220. DOI: 10.11607/jomi.2013.g3.
[39] Kan JY, Roe P, Rungcharassaeng K, et al.Classification of sagittal root position in relation to the anterior maxillary osseous housing for immediate implant placement: a cone beam computed tomography study[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2011,26(4):873-876.
[40] Braut V, Bornstein MM, Lauber R, et al.Bone dimensions in the posterior mandible: a retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography. part 1--analysis of dentate sites[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2012,32(2):175-184.
[41] Meloni SM, Jovanovic SA, Urban I, et al.Horizontal ridge augmentation using GBR with a native collagen membrane and 1:1 ratio of particulate xenograft and autologous bone: A 3-year after final loading prospective clinical study[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2019,21(4):669-677. DOI: 10.1111/cid.12808.
[42] Urban IA, Nagursky H, Lozada JL, et al.Horizontal ridge augmentation with a collagen membrane and a combination of particulated autogenous bone and anorganic bovine bone-derived mineral: a prospective case series in 25 patients[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2013,33(3):299-307. DOI: 10.11607/prd.1407.
[43] Trento GS, Carvalho P, Macedo DV, et al.Titanium mesh associated with rhbmp-2 in alveolar ridge reconstruction[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019,48(4):546-553. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.09.015.
[44] Reddy TS, Shah NR, Roca AL, et al.Space maintenance using tenting screws in atrophic extraction sockets[J]. J Oral Implantol, 2016,42(4):353-357. DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-15-00048.
[45] Farias D, Caceres F, Sanz A, et al.Horizontal bone augmentation in the posterior atrophic mandible and dental implant stability using the tenting screw technique[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2021,41(4):e147-e155. DOI: 10.11607/prd.5137.